双语时事：奥巴马欲绕过国会搞定伊朗核协议

2014-10-28 10:48:39来源：网络

　　But many members of Congress see the plan as an effort by the administration to freezethem out, a view shared by some Israeli officials who see a congressional vote as the best wayto constrain the kind of deal that Mr. Obama might strike.

　　不过，在很多国会议员眼中，政府制定这个计划是为了把他们晾在一边;一些以色列官员也有同样的看法，他们觉得，要限制奥巴马可能会达成的协议的类型，国会表决是最好的方法。

　　Ms. Meehan says there "is a role for Congress in our Iran policy," but members of Congresswant a role larger than consultation and advice. An agreement between Iran and the countriesit is negotiating with — the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Russia and China — wouldnot be a formal treaty, and thus would not require a two-thirds vote of the Senate.

　　米汉说，“在我们的伊朗政策中，有需要国会去做的事，”但国会议员不想只是做咨询和建议。伊朗与谈判国——美、英、法、德、俄罗斯和中国——之间达成的协议，不会成为一个正式条约，不需要获得参议院三分之二的票数。

　　The chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Robert Menendez, the NewJersey Democrat, said over the weekend that, "If a potential deal does not substantially andeffectively dismantle Iran's illicit nuclear weapons program, I expect Congress will respond.An agreement cannot allow Iran to be a threshold nuclear state." He has sponsored legislationto tighten sanctions if no agreement is reached by Nov. 24.

　　参议院外交委员会(Senate Foreign Relations Committee)主席、新泽西州民主党参议员罗伯特·梅嫩德斯(Robert Menendez)上周末说，“如果所达成的协议，没有在实质上有效地摧毁伊朗的非法核武器计划，那么我希望国会做出反应。不能让一纸协议来纵容伊朗跨过核国家门槛。”他支持了一项立法，如果11月24日没有达成协议，就加紧对伊朗的制裁。

　　A leading Republican critic of the negotiations, Senator Mark S. Kirk of Illinois, added, "Congress will not permit the president to unilaterally unravel Iran sanctions that passed theSenate in a 99 to 0 vote," a reference to the vote in 2010 that imposed what have become thetoughest set of sanctions.

　　在批评这个谈判的人中，伊利诺伊州共和党参议员马克·S·柯克(Mark S. Kirk)很出名，他说：“参议院以99比0的表决结果通过了一些对伊朗的制裁，国会是不会允许总统单方面解除这些制裁的，”他指的是2010年国会就一些最严厉制裁进行的表决。

　　Such declarations have the Obama administration concerned. And they are a reminder thatfor a deal to be struck with Iran, Mr. Obama must navigate not one negotiation, but three.

　　这样的声明引起了奥巴马政府的担心。而且它们提醒人们，要与伊朗达成一项协议，奥巴马必须进行的谈判不是一个，而是三个。

　　The first is between Mr. Obama's negotiators and the team led by Mohammad Javad Zarif, thesavvy Iranian foreign minister. The second is between Mr. Zarif and forces in Tehran that seeno advantage in striking a deal, led by many in the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps andmany of the mullahs. The critical player in that effort is Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who hasreissued specific benchmarks for an accord, including Iran's eventual expansion of itsuranium enrichment program by nearly tenfold. And the third is between Mr. Obama andCongress.

　　第一个谈判，发生在奥巴马的谈判代表和精明的伊朗外长穆罕默德·贾瓦德·扎里夫(Mohammad Javad Zarif)带领的谈判代表之间。第二个谈判，发生在扎里夫和德黑兰的一些势力之间;后者由伊斯兰革命卫队(IslamicRevolutionary Guards Corps)的很多人和很多毛拉率领，认为达成协议没有好处。这项任务中的关键人物是阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊(Ayatollah Ali Khamenei)，他再次发布了协议的具体标准，其中包括伊朗最终把其铀浓缩计划扩大近十倍。第三个，是奥巴马和国会之间的谈判。

　　Mr. Zarif, in an interview last summer, said that Mr. Obama "has a harder job" convincingCongress than he will have selling a deal in Tehran. That may be bluster, but it may not beentirely wrong.

　　去年夏天，扎里夫在一次采访中说，相较于他说服德黑兰那些势力接受协议，奥巴马说服美国国会“更难一些”。这可能有些夸张，但也未必完全不对。

　　Many of the details of the negotiations remain cloaked. The lead negotiator, Wendy Sherman,the under secretary of state for political affairs and a leading candidate to become the StateDepartment's No. 2 official next month, struck a deal with congressional leaders that enablesher to avoid public testimony when the negotiations are underway. Instead, she conductsclassified briefings for the key congressional committees.

　　谈判的很多细节仍未曝光。美国首席谈判代表是负责政治事务的副国务卿温迪·R·舍曼(Wendy R.Sherman)，她也是最有希望在下月成为国务院第二号官员的候选人。舍曼与国会领导人达成协议，双方同意，在谈判进行的过程中，她可以不用公开作证，而是为重要的国会委员会提供机密报告。

　　But it is clear that along with the fate of Iran's biggest nuclear sites — Natanz and Fordow,where uranium fuel is enriched, and a heavy-water reactor at Arak that many fear will be ableto produce weapons-grade plutonium — the negotiations have focused intently on howsanctions would be suspended. To the Americans, the sanctions are their greatest leverage.For many ordinary Iranians, they are what this negotiation is all about: a chance to boost theeconomy, reconnect with the world and end Iran's status as a pariah state.

　　但很显然，这个谈判除了关系到伊朗最大核设施的命运——进行铀燃料浓缩的纳坦兹和福尔道，还有阿拉克，很多人担心那里的一个重水反应堆将能制造出武器级钚——而且还着重聚焦在暂停制裁的方式上。对美国人来说，制裁是他们最大的筹码。而对于很多普通的伊朗人，这就是这次谈判的目的：获得一个刺激经济、重新与世界相连，结束伊朗遗世独立状态的机会。

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