中美酝酿新一场钢铁战

2014-10-28 17:59:50来源：网络

　　The industry is “mired in overcapacity”, said China’s customs spokesman Zheng Yusheng at abriefing in Beijing during the release of export data this month. Prices for steel in some partsof China are as low as the price of cabbage.

　　在中国海关总署本月发布出口数据时举办的北京新闻发布会上，发言人郑跃声表示，国内钢铁行业“存在产能过剩问题”。中国一些地区的钢材价格已跌至白菜价。

　　Although most of China’s exports are directed towards Asia rather than Europe, there is aknock-on effect on prices and global steel trade flows.

　　尽管中国钢材主要出口亚洲、而非欧洲，但会对钢价和全球钢铁贸易流动带来连锁反应。

　　“The US steel industry is facing a very sizeable increase in imports from around the world,” saysKevin Dempsey, senior vice-president of the American Iron and Steel Institute. “We’re seeingsome signs of improvement in the US economy and it seems that all of the growth in steel isbeing taken from imports, including that from China.”

　　美国钢铁协会(American Iron and Steel Institute)高级副总裁凯文•邓普西(Kevin Dempsey)表示：“美国钢铁业面临的状况时，来自世界各地的进口迅猛增长。美国经济出现了一些改善迹象，但钢铁领域的所有增长似乎都来自进口，这其中就包括来自中国的进口。”

　　The exports are driven by a state-owned industry focused on output rather than price, says MrDempsey. Removing government intervention in the industry “is an important goal that weshould be pursuing,” he adds.

　　邓普西表示，这些国家的出口是由关注产量而非价格的国有企业推动的。他补充称，消除钢铁行业的政府干预“是我们应该追求的重要目标”。

　　“As the Chinese economy has slowed they are looking to export the steel that they can’t selldomestically and that’s disrupting markets around the world.”

　　“随着中国经济放缓，他们寻求出口国内卖不掉的钢铁，而这扰乱了全世界的市场。”

　　This is being reflected in the market place. Global steel prices have fallen 7 per cent sinceJanuary, according to an index run by London-based metal consultancy CRU. Falling globalprices for iron ore, the main ingredient in steel, have also lowered costs for mills and allowedthem to sell steel more cheaply. “Chinese exports are at record levels and global steel demandon a regional basis is nothing like record levels,” says Mike Shillaker, managing director ofglobal steel and European miners at Credit Suisse.

　　这一点已经在市场上得到了体现。伦敦金属咨询机构CRU编制的一个指数显示，国际钢价自今年1月以来下跌7%。国际铁矿石价格不断下跌也降低了钢铁厂的成本，使它们能够以更低的价格销售钢铁。铁矿石是生产钢铁的主要原料。瑞信(Credit Suisse)负责全球钢铁和欧洲矿业公司相关业务的董事总经理迈克尔•希拉克(Michael Shillaker)表示：“中国钢铁出口达到创纪录的水平，而从各地区来看，国际钢铁需求离历史最高水平还远着呢。”

　　So far US prices have held up relatively well, but if they fall further there could be more vocalcomplaints about China, Mr Shillaker says. US hot rolled coil prices have fallen 5 per cent sincethe start of the year, while prices in Europe have dropped 13 per cent. In China they havedropped 17 per cent.

　　希拉克表示，迄今美国钢材价格相对坚挺，但如果价格进一步下滑，对中国的抱怨声音就会增多。自今年年初以来，美国热轧钢卷价格下跌5%，同时欧洲价格下跌13%。中国价格下跌17%。

　　Overall the difference between US steel prices and global prices is the widest in more than 40months, according to data from Bloomberg.

　　彭博(Bloomberg)的数据显示，整体而言，美国钢价与国际钢价之差是40多个月来最大的。

　　Macquarie, the investment bank, estimates that US net steel imports rose 66 per cent year onyear between January and August, and that has led the industry and unions to press thegovernment for action against a range of countries, such as Mexico and South Korea.

　　投资银行麦格理(Macquarie)估计，1-8月期间美国钢材净进口量同比增长66%，这导致该国钢铁行业和工会向政府施压，要求对墨西哥和韩国等众多国家采取措施。

　　The US steel industry has long been politically sensitive and China and US have a colourfulhistory of trade battles over the metal. But a fresh battle lies ahead. The surge in Chineseimports led to the launch this year of several US antidumping investigations, which areexpected to climax next month and lead to the imposition of punitive tariffs.

　　美国钢铁业历来具有政治敏感性，中美在历史上围绕钢铁问题爆发过多次贸易战。如今，一场新的战争爆发在即。来自中国的进口飙升，促使美国在今年展开了数项反倾销调查，预计这些调查将于下月收官，并导致美国征收惩罚性关税。

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