中美酝酿新一场钢铁战

2014-10-28 17:59:50来源：网络

　　In May the US Commerce Department issued a preliminary finding that Chinese producers wereselling grain-oriented electronic steel in the US below cost. US agencies have also accusedChinese producers of dumping everything from steel wire and rods to “boltless steel shelves” onthe US market.

　　今年5月，美国商务部发布初步调查报告称，中国钢铁生产商在美国以低于成本的价格销售取向电工钢。美国机构还指责中国钢材生产商在美国市场上倾销从钢线和钢棒到“不锈钢钢架”等各类产品。

　　“The US steel producers are very on the ball when it comes to protecting their domesticmarket,” says John Kovacs, steel analyst at CRU.

　　CRU的钢铁分析师约翰•科瓦奇(John Kovacs)表示：“就保护国内市场而言，美国钢铁制造商非常机警。”

　　Yet Chinese exports are hard to target because they mostly go to the southeast Asian marketsor Mexico, from where some of it makes its way to the US, says Colin Hamilton, an analyst atMacquarie. The imports have also displaced steel from Japan and Korea in those regions, hesays.

　　然而，麦格理分析师科林•汉密尔顿(Colin Hamilton)表示，很难针对中国出口钢材采取措施，因为它们大多出口至东南亚市场或墨西哥，然后其中部分钢材再流向美国。他说，在那些地区，来自中国的进口也挤走了日本和韩国钢材。

　　There are signs that China is taking measures to deal with the overcapacity. It may withdrawthe rebate tax given to exports of some steel products, according to Mr Hamilton.

　　有迹象显示，中国正在采取措施解决产能过剩问题。汉密尔顿表示，中国可能取消针对某些钢材产品实施的出口退税。

　　That would be a bitter pill to swallow for China’s local governments. Steel mills are required tomaintain production because local authorities need to keep cash circulating amid heavy debtloads, according to Anne Stevenson-Yang, co-founder of Beijing-based J Capital Research. Thecollection of VAT on the sale of the steel is their principal revenue stream, she says.

　　这将是中国地方政府不得不吞下的一枚苦药。北京美奇金投资咨询公司(J Capital Research)联合创始人杨思安(Anne Stevenson-Yang)指出，钢厂被要求维持生产，因为地方政府需要在沉重的债务负担下维持资金周转。杨思安表示，对钢铁销售征收增值税是他们的一大收入来源。

　　“Production also keeps other companies in business: it doesn’t really matter if the mills don’tpay them for their coal or ore. If the mines are racking up receivables, those are assets thatcan finance debt at a bank.”

　　“钢厂继续生产也让其他公司能够维持运营：如果钢厂购买了煤炭或铁矿石却没有付款，那真的不重要。如果矿业公司有了应收账款，就可以作为向银行申请债务融资的资产。”

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