可再生能源革命挑战行业旧秩序

2014-11-06 18:41:52来源：网络

　　The potential payoff for getting the new rules right is enormous: a far greener electricitysystem that does not pump as much greenhouse gas and other pollution into theatmosphere. Yet as the German experience shows, the difficulties of the transition are likely tobe enormous, too, and it is still far from clear whether the system can be transformed fastenough to head off dangerous levels of global warming.

　　如果能正确地创建新规则，就有机会获得巨大的回报：有一个更为环保的、不再向大气中排放那么多温室气体以及其他污染物的电力系统。不过德国的经验表明，转型的困难同样是巨大的;而且目前还远远不能确定该系统的转型速度是否能快到足以防止全球变暖达到危险的程度。

　　“I am convinced that wind and sun will be the central sources of energy, not only in Germanybut worldwide,” said Patrick Graichen, who heads a think tank in Berlin, Agora Energiewende,devoted to studying the shift. “The question is: How can we turn the energy transition into asuccess story?”

　　“我相信，风和阳光将会成为主要的能量来源，不光在德国，在全世界都是如此。”致力于能源转型研究的柏林智库阿哥拉能源转型(Agora Energiewende)的负责人帕特里克·格赖兴(Patrick Graichen)说，“问题是：我们怎样才能让这场能源转型成为成功的范例。”

　　Plummeting Prices

　　暴跌的价格

　　One recent day, under a brilliant California sun, saws buzzed as workers put the finishingtouches on spacious new homes. They looked like many others going up in Orange County,south of Los Angeles, but with an extra feature: Lennar Corporation was putting solar panels onevery house it built.

　　不久前的一天，在加利福尼亚州明媚的阳光下，工人们手拿嗡嗡作响的电锯，给宽敞的新房加上最后的点缀。这些新房坐落在洛杉矶以南的奥兰治县，看起来跟当地的其他房屋没有太大差别，但它们都有一个附加特性：莱纳公司(Lennar Corporation)给自己盖的每一栋房子都安装了太阳能面板。

　　The prices of the panels have plunged 70 percent in the past five years. That huge declinemeans solar power is starting to make more economic sense, especially in parts of the UnitedStates with high electricity prices.

　　过去五年，太阳能板的价格大跌了70%。这种暴跌意味着用太阳能供电开始变得更加经济了，尤其是在美国一部分电价较高的地区。

　　At about 100 Lennar subdivisions in California, buyers who move into a new homeautomatically get solar panels on the roof. Lennar, the nation’s second-largest homebuilder,recently decided to expand that policy to several more states, starting with Colorado. Thecompany typically retains ownership of the panels and signs 20-year deals to sell homeownersthe power from their own roofs, at a 20 percent discount from the local utility’s prices.

　　在加利福尼亚州约100个由莱纳公司兴建的住宅小区里，买家搬进新房时，就自动获得了屋顶的太阳能板。作为美国第二大住宅建筑商的莱纳公司，最近决定从科罗拉多州开始，在其他几个州推广这种做法。该公司通常会保留这些组件的所有权，并和房主签定为期20年的合同，让他们买下产自自家屋顶的电力，价格比当地公用事业公司的报价低20%。

　　“It’s so simple when we tell a customer, ‘You’re guaranteed to save money,’ ” said David J.Kaiserman, president of Lennar Ventures, the division overseeing the solar plan.

　　这个太阳能计划由莱纳事业部(Lennar Ventures)负责，其总裁大卫·J·凯泽曼(David J. Kaiserman)说，“当我们告诉客户‘包你省钱’时，事情就变得非常简单了。”

　　The shifting economics can largely be traced to China, by way of Germany. Over the pastdecade, the Germans set out to lower the cost of going green by creating rapid growth in theonce-tiny market for renewable power.

　　在很大程度上，这种经济性变化是中国——在德国带动之下——发挥作用的结果。过去10年间，德国人让一度不成规模的可再生能源电力市场实现了快速增长，从而降低了走绿色之路的成本。

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