政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的中医药》

　　Second, setting great store by the principle of harmony. TCM lays particular stress on the importance of harmony on health, holding that a person’s physical health depends on harmony in the functions of the various body organs, the moderate status of the emotional expression, and adaption and compliance to different environments, of which the most vital is the dynamic balance between yin and yang. The fundamental reason for illness is that various internal and external factors disturb the dynamic balance. Therefore, maintaining health actually means conserving the dynamic balance of body functions, and curing diseases means restoring chaotic body functions to a state of coordination and harmony.

　　第三，强调个体化。中医诊疗强调因人、因时、因地制宜，体现为“辨证论治”。“辨证”，就是将四诊(望、闻、问、切)所采集的症状、体征等个体信息，通过分析、综合，判断为某种证候。“论治”，就是根据辨证结果确定相应治疗方法。中医诊疗着眼于“病的人”而不仅是“人的病”，着眼于调整致病因子作用于人体后整体功能失调的状态。

　　Third, emphasis on individuality. TCM treats a disease based on full consideration of the individual constitution, climatic and seasonal conditions, and environment. This is embodied in the term “giving treatment on the basis of syndrome differentiation.” Syndrome differentiation means diagnosing an illness as a certain syndrome on the basis of analyzing the specific symptoms and physical signs collected by way of inspection, auscultation & olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, while giving treatment means defining the treatment approach in line with the syndrome differentiated. TCM therapies focus on the person who is sick rather than the illness that the patient contracts, i.e., aiming to restore the harmonious state of body functions that is disrupted by pathogenic factors.

　　第四，突出“治未病”。中医“治未病”核心体现在“预防为主”，重在“未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复”。中医强调生活方式和健康有着密切关系，主张以养生为要务，认为可通过情志调摄、劳逸适度、膳食合理、起居有常等，也可根据不同体质或状态给予适当干预，以养神健体，培育正气，提高抗邪能力，从而达到保健和防病作用。

　　Fourth, emphasis on preventative treatment. Preventative treatment is a core belief of TCM, which lays great emphasis on prevention before a disease arises, guarding against pathological changes when falling sick, and protecting recovering patients from relapse. TCM believes that lifestyle is closely related to health, so it advocates health should be preserved in daily life. TCM thinks that a person’s health can be improved through emotional adjustment, balanced labor and rest, a sensible diet, and a regular life, or through appropriate intervention in the lifestyle based on people’s specific physical conditions. By these means, people can cultivate vital energy to protect themselves from harm and keep healthy.

　　第五，使用简便。中医诊断主要由医生自主通过望、闻、问、切等方法收集患者资料，不依赖于各种复杂的仪器设备。中医干预既有药物，也有针灸、推拿、拔罐、刮痧等非药物疗法。许多非药物疗法不需要复杂器具，其所需器具(如小夹板、刮痧板、火罐等)往往可以就地取材，易于推广使用。

　　Fifth, simplicity. TCM doctors diagnose patients through inspection, auscultation & olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. In addition to medication, TCM has many non-pharmacological alternative approaches such as acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina (massage), cupping and guasha (spooning). There is no need for complex equipment. TCM tools, for example, the small splints used in Chinese osteopathy, the spoons used in guasha, or the cups used in cupping therapy, can draw from materials close at hand, so that such treatments can spread easily.

　　3、中医药的历史贡献

　　3. TCM’s Contributions

　　中医药是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分和典型代表，强调“道法自然、天人合一”，“阴阳平衡、调和致中”，“以人为本、悬壶济世”，体现了中华文化的内核。中医药还提倡“三因制宜、辨证论治”，“固本培元、壮筋续骨”，“大医精诚、仁心仁术”，更丰富了中华文化内涵，为中华民族认识和改造世界提供了有益启迪。

　　TCM is an important component and a characteristic feature of traditional Chinese culture. Applying such principles as “man should observe the law of the nature and seek for the unity of the heaven and humanity,” “yin and yang should be balanced to obtain the golden mean,” and “practice of medicine should aim to help people,” TCM embodies the core value of Chinese civilization. TCM also advocates “full consideration of the environment, individual constitution, and climatic and seasonal conditions when practicing syndrome differentiation and determining therapies,” “reinforcing the fundamental and cultivating the vital energy, and strengthening tendons and bones,” and “mastership of medicine lying in proficient medical skills and lofty medical ethics,” all concepts that enrich Chinese culture and provide an enlightened base from which to study and transform the world.

　　中医药作为中华民族原创的医学科学，从宏观、系统、整体角度揭示人的健康和疾病的发生发展规律，体现了中华民族的认知方式，深深地融入民众的生产生活实践中，形成了独具特色的健康文化和实践，成为人们治病祛疾、强身健体、延年益寿的重要手段，维护着民众健康。从历史上看，中华民族屡经天灾、战乱和瘟疫，却能一次次转危为安，人口不断增加、文明得以传承，中医药作出了重大贡献。

　　TCM originated in the Chinese culture. It explains health and diseases from a macro, systemic and holistic perspective. It shows how China perceives nature. As a unique form of medicine, TCM exercises a profound influence on the life of the Chinese people. It is a major means to help the Chinese people maintain health, cure diseases, and live a long life. The Chinese nation has survived countless natural disasters, wars and pestilences, and continues to prosper. In this process, TCM has made a great contribution.

　　中医药发祥于中华大地，在不断汲取世界文明成果、丰富发展自己的同时，也逐步传播到世界各地。早在秦汉时期，中医药就传播到周边国家，并对这些国家的传统医药产生重大影响。预防天花的种痘技术，在明清时代就传遍世界。《本草纲目》被翻译成多种文字广为流传，达尔文称之为“中国古代的百科全书”。针灸的神奇疗效引发全球持续的“针灸热”。抗疟药物“青蒿素”的发明，拯救了全球特别是发展中国家数百万人的生命。同时，乳香、没药等南药的广泛引进，丰富了中医药的治疗手段。

　　Born in China, TCM has also absorbed the essence of other civilizations, evolved, and gradually spread throughout the world. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BC-AD 220), TCM was popular in many neighboring countries and exerted a major impact on their traditional medicines. The TCM smallpox vaccination technique had already spread outside of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911). The Ben Cao Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica) was translated into various languages and widely read, and Charles Darwin, the British biologist, hailed the book as an “ancient Chinese encyclopedia.” The remarkable effects of acupuncture and moxibustion have won it popularity throughout the world. The discovery of qinghaosu (artemisinin, an anti-malaria drug) has saved millions of lives, especially in developing countries. Meanwhile, massive imports of medicinal substances such as frankincense and myrrh have enriched TCM therapies.

　　二、中国发展中医药的政策措施

　　II. Policies and Measures on TCM Development

　　中国高度重视中医药事业发展。新中国成立初期，把“团结中西医”作为三大卫生工作方针之一，确立了中医药应有的地位和作用。1978年，中共中央转发卫生部《关于认真贯彻党的中医政策，解决中医队伍后继乏人问题的报告》，并在人、财、物等方面给予大力支持，有力地推动了中医药事业发展。中华人民共和国宪法指出，发展现代医药和我国传统医药，保护人民健康。1986年，国务院成立相对独立的中医药管理部门。各省、自治区、直辖市也相继成立中医药管理机构，为中医药发展提供了组织保障。第七届全国人民代表大会第四次会议将“中西医并重”列为新时期中国卫生工作五大方针之一。2003年，国务院颁布实施《中华人民共和国中医药条例》;2009年，国务院颁布实施《关于扶持和促进中医药事业发展的若干意见》，逐步形成了相对完善的中医药政策体系。

　　China lays great store by the development of TCM. When the People’s Republic was founded in 1949, the government placed emphasis on uniting Chinese and Western medicine as one of its three guidelines for health work, and enshrined the important role of TCM. In 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee transmitted throughout the country the Ministry of Health’s “Report on Implementing the Party’s Policies Regarding TCM and Cultivating TCM Practitioners,” and lent great support in areas of human resources, finance, and supplies, vigorously promoting the development of TCM. It is stipulated in the Constitution of the PRC that the state promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine to protect the people’s health. In 1986, the State Council set up a relatively independent administration of TCM. All provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have established their respective TCM administrations, which has laid an organizational basis for TCM development. At the Fourth Meeting of the Seventh National People’s Congress, equal emphasis was put on Chinese and Western medicine, which was made one of the five guidelines in China’s health work in the new period. In 2003 and 2009, the State Council issued the “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine” and the “Opinions on Supporting and Promoting the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine,” gradually forming a relatively complete policy system on TCM.

　　中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会以来，党和政府把发展中医药摆上更加重要的位置，作出一系列重大决策部署。在全国卫生与健康大会上，习近平总书记强调，要“着力推动中医药振兴发展”。中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会和十八届五中全会提出“坚持中西医并重”“扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展”。2015年，国务院常务会议通过《中医药法(草案)》，并提请全国人大常委会审议，为中医药事业发展提供良好的政策环境和法制保障。2016年，中共中央、国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》，作为今后15年推进健康中国建设的行动纲领，提出了一系列振兴中医药发展、服务健康中国建设的任务和举措。国务院印发《中医药发展战略规划纲要(2016—2030年)》，把中医药发展上升为国家战略，对新时期推进中医药事业发展作出系统部署。这些决策部署，描绘了全面振兴中医药、加快医药卫生体制改革、构建中国特色医药卫生体系、推进健康中国建设的宏伟蓝图，中医药事业进入新的历史发展时期。

　　Since the CPC’s 18th National Congress in 2012, the Party and the government have granted greater importance to the development of TCM, and made a series of major policy decisions and adopted a number of plans in this regard. At the National Conference on Hygiene and Health held in August 2016, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of revitalizing and developing traditional Chinese medicine. The CPC’s 18th National Congress and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee both reiterated the necessity to pay equal attention to the development of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and lend support to the development of TCM and ethnic minority medicine. In 2015, the executive meeting of the State Council approved the Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine (draft) and submitted it to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation and approval, intending to provide a sounder policy environment and legal basis for TCM development. In 2016 the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, a guide to improving the health of the Chinese people in the coming 15 years. It sets out a series of tasks and measures to implement the program and develop TCM. The State Council issued the Outline of the Strategic Plan on the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2016-2030), which made TCM development a national strategy, with systemic plans for TCM development in the new era. These decisions and plans have mapped out a grand blueprint that focuses on the full revitalization of TCM, accelerated reform of the medical and healthcare system, the building of a medical and healthcare system with Chinese characteristics, and the advancement of the healthy China plan, thus ushering in a new era of development for TCM.

　　中国发展中医药的基本原则和主要措施：

　　The basic principles and main measures envisioned to develop TCM are:

　　坚持以人为本，实现中医药成果人民共享。中医药有很深的群众基础，文化理念易于为人民群众所接受。中医药工作以满足人民群众健康需求为出发点和落脚点，不断扩大中医医疗服务供给，提高基层中医药健康管理水平，推进中医药与社区服务、养老、旅游等融合发展，普及中医药健康知识，倡导健康的生产生活方式，增进人民群众健康福祉，保证人民群众享有安全、有效、方便的中医药服务。

　　Putting people first, and making achievements in TCM development accessible to everyone. TCM roots deep among the public, and the philosophies it contains are easy to understand. To meet the people’s demand for healthcare, China endeavors to expand the supply of TCM services, improve community-level TCM health management, advance the integral development of TCM with community service, care of the elderly and tourism, spread knowledge of TCM and advocate healthy ways of life and work, enhance welfare for the public, and ensure that the people can enjoy safe, efficient, and convenient TCM services.

　　坚持中西医并重，把中医药与西医药摆在同等重要的位置。坚持中医药与西医药在思想认识、法律地位、学术发展和实践应用上的平等地位，健全管理体制，加大财政投入，制定体现中医药自身特点的政策和法规体系，促进中、西医药协调发展，共同为维护和增进人民群众健康服务。

　　Equal attention to TCM and Western medicine. Equal status shall be accorded to TCM and Western medicine in terms of ideological understanding, legal status, academic development, and practical application. Efforts shall be made to improve system of administration related to TCM, increase financial input, formulate policies, laws and regulations suited to the unique features of TCM, promote coordinated development of TCM and Western medicine, and make sure that they both serve the maintenance and improvement of the people’s health.

　　坚持中医与西医相互取长补短、发挥各自优势。坚持中西医相互学习，组织西医学习中医，在中医药高等院校开设现代医学课程，加强高层次中西医结合人才培养。中医医院在完善基本功能基础上，突出特色专科专病建设，推动综合医院、基层医疗卫生机构设置中医药科室，实施基本公共卫生服务中医药项目，促进中医药在基本医疗卫生服务中发挥重要作用。建立健全中医药参与突发公共事件医疗救治和重大传染病防治的机制，发挥中医药独特优势。

　　Making TCM and Western medicine complementary to each other, and letting each play to its strengths. The state encourages exchanges between TCM and Western medicine, and creates opportunities for Western medical practitioners to learn from their TCM counterparts. Modern medicine courses are offered at TCM colleges and universities to strengthen the cultivation of doctors who have a good knowledge of both TCM and Western medicine. In addition to the general departments, TCM hospitals have been encouraged to open specialized departments for specific diseases. General hospitals and community-level medical care organizations have been encouraged to set up TCM departments, and TCM has been made available to patients in the basic medical care system and efforts have been made to make it play a more important role in basic medical care. A mechanism has been established for TCM to participate in medical relief of public emergencies and the prevention and control of serious infectious diseases.

　　坚持继承与创新的辩证统一，既保持特色优势又积极利用现代科学技术。建立名老中医药专家学术思想和临床诊疗经验传承制度，系统挖掘整理中医古典医籍与民间医药知识和技术。建设符合中医药特点的科技创新体系，开展中医药基础理论、诊疗技术、疗效评价等系统研究，组织重大疑难疾病、重大传染病防治的联合攻关和对常见病、多发病、慢性病的中医药防治研究，推动中药新药和中医诊疗仪器、设备研制开发。

　　Upholding the dialectical unity of tradition and innovation, i.e., maintaining TCM’s characteristics while actively applying modern science and technology in TCM development. A system has been established to carry forward the theories and clinical experience of well-known veteran TCM experts, and efforts have been made to rediscover and categorize ancient TCM classics and folk medical experience and practices. A system of technological innovation has been established to advance TCM progress, and efforts have been made to carry out systemic research on the fundamental theories, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and therapeutic evaluation of TCM. Interdisciplinary efforts have been organized in joint research on the treatment and control of major difficult and complicated diseases and major infectious diseases, as well as research on the prevention and treatment of common diseases, frequently occurring diseases, and chronic diseases using TCM. Endeavor has been made in the R&D of new TCM medicines, and medical devices and equipment.

　　坚持统筹兼顾，推进中医药全面协调可持续发展。把中医药医疗、保健、科研、教育、产业、文化作为一个有机整体，统筹规划、协调发展。实施基层服务能力提升工程，健全中医医疗服务体系。实施“治未病”健康工程，发展中医药健康服务。开展国家中医临床研究基地建设，构建中医药防治重大疾病协同创新体系。实施中医药传承与创新人才工程，提升中医药人才队伍素质。推动中药全产业链绿色发展，大力发展非药物疗法。推动中医药产业升级，培育战略性新兴产业。开展“中医中药中国行”活动，弘扬中医药核心价值理念。

　　Making overall plans for integrated, coordinated and sustainable development of TCM. The state makes overall plans for the coordinated development of TCM, integrating such areas as TCM clinical practices, healthcare, R&D, education, industry, and culture. Efforts have been made to improve community-level TCM services and the TCM medical care system. A health promotion project featuring preventative treatment of diseases has been launched to enhance TCM medical care. China has built research bases for TCM clinical studies, developed a system of coordination and innovation for the prevention and treatment of major diseases with TCM, and launched programs for training professionals necessary for TCM inheritance and innovation, and improving the quality of the ranks of TCM workers. The state has set out to promote the green development of the entire TCM industrial chain, and vigorous efforts have been made in the development of non-pharmacological therapies. Further efforts have been made to upgrade the TCM industry and develop it into an emerging strategic industry. A nationwide program has been conducted to promote the core values of TCM.

　　坚持政府扶持、各方参与，共同促进中医药事业发展。把中医药作为经济社会发展的重要内容，纳入相关规划、给予资金支持。强化中医药监督管理，实施中医执业医师、医疗机构和中成药准入制度，健全中医药服务和质量安全标准体系。制定优惠政策，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，积极营造平等参与、公平竞争的市场环境，不断激发中医药发展的潜力和活力。鼓励社会捐资支持中医药事业，推动社会力量开办中医药服务机构。