The Grammar of ‘Share:’ Social, Economic Uses

The Grammar of ‘Share:’ Social, Economic Uses

"分享"的语法：社会和经济用途

【听力音频】

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　By John Russell

　　11 January 2024

　　Consider a time when you heard or read news about business, investments, or politics.

　　Now consider a happy time when you gathered with friends or family. You ate food, had something to drink, and perhaps smiled and laughed.

　　What word might appear often in discussions about our two situations – the news and the family meal?

　　The answer is one word that comes in a verb or noun form: share.

　　Share will be the subject of today's Everyday Grammar. You will learn about the word's meanings as well as commonly used structures in everyday situations.

　　Let's start with some definitions.

　　Definitions

　　As we said before, the word "share" has both a noun and verb form.

　　We can compare it to a superhero. Consider Peter Parker. He is a normal young man. But sometimes he becomes Spiderman - and Spiderman is all about action!

　　Just as Peter Parker has a normal side and an active side, the word "share" has a noun form and an active verb form.

　　Noun form

　　Let's start with the noun form.

　　When you read business or even political news, you are highly likely to see the noun form.

　　Share suggests the idea of division or splitting something.

　　So, a share can involve value, interest or ownership that has been divided into parts.

　　For example, a person might buy stock shares in a company. This means that a person is buying partial ownership of a business.

　　Any time you read news about the stock market, for example, the value of the shares of businesses is a central point of interest.

　　Now consider a story about a political dispute. A scandal might happen, and one politician might be forced to accept his or her share of the blame for something that went wrong. In this usage, the politician is getting an amount of something - blame - that he or she deserves or is responsible for.

　　You might use the noun form of "share" when you talk about gatherings with family and friends. For example, friends might get together and decide to pay their share of the bill for a meal at a restaurant.

　　In this case, the friends might divide the bill and pay what they owe individually.

　　Verb form

　　What about the verb form of share, you might ask?

　　We often use it to talk about politics.

　　Political parties might share power in a country, for example.

　　We also might use the verb "share" to describe social gatherings.

　　Family or friends might share food. In this case, the family or friends are coming together and dividing or splitting food among themselves. Everyone gets to eat and drink.

　　Common structures

　　Now we can ask the question: What are the most commonly used structures with both the noun and verb forms of share?

　　The most common words that come before "share" are "to" and "a." That is what Google's Ngram Viewer tells us. It is a database that contains information from thousands of books.

　　But Ngram Viewer also gives us an important finding: "to share" is far more common than "a share."

　　So, we are very likely to read a sentence like this:

　　The two sides agreed to share power.

　　Or

　　The children decided to share the toys.

　　We are somewhat less likely to read a sentence like this:

　　He bought a share of Microsoft stock.

　　What words are likely to come after "share?"

　　The two most common structures, Google's Ngram Viewer tells us, are "share of" and "share the."

　　So, think back to our earlier examples:

　　He bought a share of Microsoft stock.

　　The children decided to share the toys.

　　Quiz:

　　Let's end this lesson with a quiz. Fill in the blank with the correct word or words.

　　The countries agreed ___________ the profits made from the shipping canal.

　　Here is one possible answer:

　　The countries agreed to share the profits made from the shipping canal.

　　I'm John Russell.

　　John Russell wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　作者：约翰·罗素

　　2024年1月11日

　　想象一下你听到或读到关于商业、投资或政治的新闻的时候。

　　再想象一下你和朋友或家人欢聚的快乐时光。你们一起吃饭，喝点东西，或许还会笑得开心。

　　在我们讨论这两种情况——新闻和家庭聚餐时，哪个词可能经常出现呢？

　　答案是一个可以作为动词或名词使用的词：分享。

　　"分享"将是我们今天"日常语法"的主题。你将了解这个词的含义以及在日常情况下常用的结构。

　　让我们从一些定义开始。

　　定义

　　正如我们之前所说，"分享"这个词既有名词形式也有动词形式。

　　我们可以将它比作一个超级英雄。想象一下彼得·帕克。他是一个普通的年轻人。但有时他会变成蜘蛛侠——而蜘蛛侠就是行动的代名词！

　　就像彼得·帕克有普通的一面和活跃的一面，"分享"这个词也有名词形式和动词形式。

　　名词形式

　　让我们从名词形式开始。

　　当你阅读商业甚至政治新闻时，你很可能会看到这个词的名词形式。

　　"分享"这个词暗示了分割或分裂某物的概念。

　　因此，一个"份额"可能涉及到被分割成各部分的价值、利益或所有权。

　　例如，一个人可能会购买一家公司的股票份额。这意味着一个人正在购买一家公司的部分所有权。

　　每当你阅读关于股市的新闻，例如，企业的股份价值是一个中心关注点。

　　现在考虑一下关于政治争端的故事。可能会发生丑闻，一位政治家可能被迫接受他或她应负的责任份额。在这种用法中，政治家得到的是他或她应得的或负责的某物——责任的一部分。

　　你可能会在谈论与家人和朋友的聚会时使用"份额"这个词的名词形式。例如，朋友们可能会聚在一起，决定支付他们在餐馆用餐的账单的一部分。

　　在这种情况下，朋友们可能会分摊账单，各自支付他们应付的部分。

　　动词形式

　　你可能会问，"分享"的动词形式是什么？

　　我们经常用它来谈论政治。

　　例如，政党可能会在一个国家内分享权力。

　　我们也可能使用动词"分享"来描述社交聚会。

　　家人或朋友可能会分享食物。在这种情况下，家人或朋友聚在一起，将食物分配或分割给他们自己。每个人都可以吃和喝。

　　常见结构

　　现在我们可以提出这样的问题：在"share"的名词和动词形式中，最常用的结构是什么？

　　在"share"之前最常见的词是"to"和"a"。这是Google的Ngram Viewer告诉我们的。这是一个包含了数千本书信息的数据库。

　　但Ngram Viewer也给我们提供了一个重要的发现："to share"比"a share"常见得多。

　　所以，我们很可能会读到这样的句子：

　　双方同意共享权力。

　　或者

　　孩子们决定分享玩具。

　　我们不太可能读到这样的句子：

　　他买了一份微软的股票。

　　"share"后面可能会跟哪些词呢？

　　Google的Ngram Viewer告诉我们，最常见的两种结构是"share of"和"share the"。

　　所以，回想一下我们之前的例子：

　　他买了一份微软的股票。

　　孩子们决定分享玩具。

　　小测验：

　　让我们以一个小测验结束这节课。用正确的词或词组填空。

　　这些国家同意___________运河带来的利润。

　　这里有一个可能的答案：

　　这些国家同意分享运河带来的利润。

　　我是约翰·罗素。

　　这节课是约翰·罗素为VOA学英语写的。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　本故事中的词汇

　　stock – n.可以作为投资购买、出售或交易的公司价值的一部分

　　scandal – n.由于道德或法律上的错误行为，人们感到震惊和不安的事件