日本充分就业为何未让雇员受益

2014-09-24 18:18:46来源：可可英语

　　Something odd is going on with Japan’s labourmarket. Unemployment is at 3.7 per cent. Recently,it has been as low as 3.5 per cent, considered bysome economists to be pretty much full employment. (The uptick is only because the previouslydiscouraged are flooding back to work.)

　　日本劳动力市场正在上演一些奇怪的事情。目前失业率为3.7%。最近，失业率最低曾降至3.5%，一些经济学家认为这几乎称得上完全就业。(失业率上升只是因为以前那些就业意愿丧失者正涌入劳动大军。)

　　The trend is being helped by demographics, which sees more baby-boomers retiring thanmillennials starting out. For every 100 people looking, there are 110 jobs on offer, the bestratio in 20 years. In some industries, including truck driving and healthcare, employers cannotfind workers for love nor money. Building site foremen are in desperately short supply asconstruction companies work overtime to rebuild the tsunami-devastated coast and preparefor Tokyo’s 2020 Olympic Games. One restaurant chain specialising in beef-and-rice dishes wasforced to close a 10th of its roughly 2,000 restaurants this summer because it could not findenough staff.

　　人口状况助推了这种趋势，生于婴儿潮时期的退休人员数量现在超过了开始就业的千禧一代。现在每100个求职者有110个工作岗位可选择，这是20年来的最佳比率。在一些行业(包括卡车驾驶和医疗)，雇主无论如何都招不到人。建筑工地工头严重短缺，因为建筑公司在加班加点，重建被海啸摧毁的海岸，以及为东京2020年奥运会做准备。今年夏季，由于无法雇到足够多的员工，一家专营牛肉饭的连锁餐厅被迫将其约2000家门店关闭了十分之一。

　　You would have thought that wage inflation would be going crazy as a result. Unfortunately forJapan, you would be wrong. The government has badgered companies, which are makingrecord profits, to share the love. Some have responded with modest wage increases, but notenough to keep pace with prices, which are rising thanks to monetary stimulus and a 3percentage-point increase in sales tax.

　　你原本会认为，薪资因此会疯狂上涨。不幸的是，对于日本而言，你错了。企业正赚着创纪录的利润，日本政府一直追着要求它们分享成果。一些企业适度上调了薪资，但不足以跟上通胀的速度，由于货币刺激以及消费税上调3个百分点，日本物价一直在上涨。

　　It is just possible that labour-market tightness is finally filtering through. In July cash earningsfor regular employees rose a hefty 2.6 per cent, the fastest increase for 17 years. But much ofthis has come in cash bonuses, not in the base pay that gives workers lasting confidence.

　　可能劳动力市场的紧张最终在产生影响。今年7月，正式员工的现金收入大增2.6%，为17年来最高。但很多是以现金奖金的形式发放，而非让员工获得长久信心的基本工资。

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