双语新闻:生活处处有辐射

2014-04-25 15:28:58来源：可可英语

　　除了联合国围绕切尔诺贝利事故的报告以外，关于人类辐射最详实的调查就数美日两国联合进行的幸存者研究了—这里的幸存者指的广岛和长崎20万名“受原子弹爆炸影响的人群”。在研究伊始(该研究已经进行了 60多年并且仍在继续)，研究人员预计幸存者将大规模罹患肿瘤疾病和白血病，他们的后代中也将有一部分人难逃基因畸形的厄运。然而，研究人员埃文·杜普勒 (Evan Douple)总结道：“幸存者罹患癌症的风险相当低，低于公众的预期水平。”

　　Radiologist John Moulder analyzed the results of one group of 50,000 survivors, about 5,000 of whom had developed cancer: 'Based on what we know of the rest of the Japanese population, you would have expected about 4,500 of them. So we have 5,000 cancers over 50 years where we would expect 4,500.' Assuming that the 500 additional cases are all due to radiation, that means a rate of 1%. And there was no increase in inherited mutations. Remember: These aren't victims of a power plant breakdown; they are survivors of a nuclear attack.

　　放射学学者约翰·莫尔德(John Moulder) 对50,000名幸存者的资料进行了分析，他们中的5,000人罹患了癌症：“基于我们对其他日本民众患癌率的了解，这50,000名幸存者中的癌症患者人数本应为4,500人。所以，从这50年来看，这是一个5,000例病例与4,500例病例的区别。”假设这多出来的500例病例都是由辐射导致的，那么这意味着这个比例为1%。另外，辐射并没有带来遗传性突变的增加。记住：他们并不是核电站损毁的受害者;他们是核打击的幸存者。

　　For the Fukushima disaster of 2011, the consensus estimate is a 1% increase in cancer for employees who worked at the site and an undetectable increase for the plant's neighbors. Just think of the difference between the overwhelming nuclear fears and nightmares we've all suffered from since 1945 and that range of increased risk: 0% to 1%. And if that's not enough to question everything you thought you knew about radiation, consider that, even after the catastrophe in Japan, the likelihood of work-related death and injury for nuclear plant workers is lower than for real estate agents . . . and for stockbrokers.

　　对于2011年的福岛核事故来讲，外界普遍预计现场员工的患癌率将提高1%，并且周围居民的患癌率也将略有增加。回想一下，相较于实际增加的0%至1%的风险，我们自1945年以来承受了多少关于核安全方面的担忧和恐惧啊!如果这并不足以使你对自己原本对于辐射的了解产生那么一点儿怀疑的话，那么请思考一下，即使在日本福岛核事故发生后，核电站工人的因公死伤比率也低于房地产中介和股票经纪人的因公死伤比率。

　　Here's the truth about you and radiation: There's no reason to worry about power-plant meltdowns or airport scanners, where the X-rays have been replaced by millimeter wave machines. And don't worry about those radioactive everyday items. By scientific measures, the average American gets 620 millirems of radiation each year, half from background exposure, and that number needs to reach 100,000 to be worrisome.

　　关于人类和核辐射的真相在于：你没有理由去担心核电站的堆芯熔毁或机场的扫描仪，机场的X光扫描仪现在已经被毫米波扫描仪所取代了。你也不需要担心日常生活中具有放射性的物体。科学测量结果显示，普通美国人每年受到的辐射为620毫仑目，其中一半属于天然本底辐射，而低于100,000毫仑目的辐射完全不需要担心。

　　Instead of fretting about these things, have your basement tested for radon. Monitor how many nuclear diagnostics and treatments, from X-rays to CT scans, you and your family get. Use sunscreen. And follow the advice of the woman who defined 'radioactivity,' Marie Curie: 'Now is the time to understand more, so that we fear less.'

　　与其烦恼这些事情，你还不如请人测试一下地下室的氡值。记录你自己和家人进行核医疗诊断和治疗的次数(包括X光扫描和CT扫描)。使用防晒霜。并且听从曾对“放射性”做出过定义的居里夫人(Marie Curie)的意见：“现在是时候加深了解了，这样我们的恐惧才会减轻。”

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