经济互惠不足以阻止战争

2014-09-24 17:55:30来源：可可英语

　　Some, particularly though not exclusively in the rising world, have seen sanctions through adifferent prism. By punishing Russia economically, the US and Europe are undermining the openinternational system. Economics, this cast of mind says, must be held apart from thevicissitudes of political quarrels. Why should new powers sign up to a level international playingfield if the US and Europe scatter it with rocks in pursuit of narrow interests?

　　一些国家(尤其是在新兴世界，但也有其它国家)透过不同的棱镜看待制裁。通过在经济上惩罚俄罗斯，美国和欧洲正在破坏开放的国际体系。持这种想法的人表示，必须把经济与变幻莫测的政治纠纷分开。如果美国和欧洲为了狭隘的利益而大肆破坏公平的国际竞争环境，新兴大国为何要接受这种环境?

　　These critics are right to say an integrated global economy needs a co-operative politicalarchitecture. Sanctions against Ukraine, though, fit a bigger picture of the unravelling ofglobalisation since the financial crash of 2008. They testify to a profound reversal in USattitudes. Washington’s steady retreat from global engagement reaches beyond BarackObama’s ordinance that the US stop doing “stupid stuff”.

　　这些批评人士说的没错，全球经济一体化需要一个合作的政治架构。然而，对俄罗斯的制裁符合一个更大的格局，那就是2008年爆发金融危机以来全球化的解体。它们证明了美国态度的深远转变。华盛顿逐步退出全球参与，并不局限于美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)的原则，即美国不再做“蠢事”。

　　The architect of the present era of globalisation is no longer willing to be its guarantor. TheUS does not see a vital national interest in upholding an order that redistributes power torivals. Much as they might cavil at this, China, India and the rest are unwilling to step up asguardians of multilaterism. Without a champion, globalisation cannot but fall into disrepair.

　　当今全球化时代的设计师不愿再做全球化的保障者。对于维护一个将实力重新分配给竞争对手的秩序，美国看不到关键的国家利益。无论中国、印度以及其他国家对此可能有什么怨言，但它们不愿站出来做多边主义的捍卫者。如果没人捍卫全球化，全球化必然会“年久失修”。

　　Not so long ago, finance and the internet were at once the most powerful channels, and visiblesymbols, of the interconnected world. Footloose capital and digital communications had norespect for national borders. Financial innovation (and downright chicanery) recycled thehuge surpluses of the rising world to penurious homebuyers in Middle America and dodgyspeculators on the Costa del Sol. The masters of the banking universe spun their roulettewheels in the name of something called the Washington consensus.

　　不那么久以前，金融和互联网是紧密相连世界的最强大渠道，也是其明显象征。自由流动的资本和数字通信不受国界的束缚。通过金融创新(以及彻头彻尾的欺骗)，新兴世界的巨额盈余回流到手头拮据的美国中产阶层购房者和西班牙阳光海岸有问题的投机者。银行界的巨头们以所谓 “华盛顿共识”(Washington Consensus)的名义转动他们的轮盘赌。

　　Then came the crash. Finance has been renationalised. Banks have retreated in the face of newregulatory controls. European financial integration has gone into reverse. Global capital flowsare still only about half their pre-crisis peak.

　　随后爆发了金融危机。金融业重新国有化。银行由于面临新的监管控制而收缩。欧洲金融一体化发生了逆转。全球资本流动如今仍只有危机前最高水平的一半左右。

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