中国应带头打破气候谈判僵局

2014-10-08 17:03:21来源：可可英语

　　China has been the largest emitter of CO2 pollution since 2006 when it overtook the US.Emissions in China now exceed the combined emissions of the US and Europe. If trendscontinue along the current trajectory, by 2019 China’s emissions will overtake the US, Europeand India combined.

　　中国的二氧化碳排放量在2006年超过美国，自那以来，中国一直是全球最大的碳排放国。中国的碳排放量如今已超过美国和欧洲的总和。按现在的趋势发展下去，到2019年，中国的碳排放量将超过美国、欧洲和印度的总和。

　　With China’s per capita emissions now larger than those of Europeans and 45% above the worldaverage, it is difficult to argue against a leadership role for China in solving the internationalstalemate in climate negotiations, even when considering its lower GDP and the fact that 16%of Chinese emissions are from goods manufactured for elsewhere.

　　中国的人均碳排放量如今已超过欧洲，是世界平均水平的1.45倍。即便是考虑到中国人均GDP水平仍然较低、以及中国有16%的碳排放源于为其他地区生产商品，也很难再继续坚持一个主张，即中国无须在打破气候谈判僵局中扮演主要角色。

　　Construction of infrastructure is the major driver of China’s rapid economic and emissionsgrowth. Our global carbon budget shows that emissions from existing infrastructure will leadChina and the US to exceed their fair access to the remaining CO2 emissions quota on a worldper-capita basis. This quota is necessary to keep climate change below two degrees warmingabove pre-industrial temperatures, a limit that is widely supported by scientists andpolicymakers around the world, including in China.

　　基础设施建设是中国经济增长的主要驱动力，也是碳排放量迅速增长的主要原因。我们的统计显示，在中国和美国，来自现有基础设施的碳排放，会导致这两国的排放量超过它们在全球剩余人均碳排放配额中应占的比例。各国科学家和政策制定者——包括中国在内——普遍认同一点：全球气温上升，应以高出前工业时代的气温2摄氏度为限，而要将气温保持在这一限度内，就必须实施这样的配额。

　　The CO2 emissions quota, which gives the world a 66 per cent chance of remaining below 2degrees is only about one third of that total emitted so far. At current emissions this meansthat there is just one generation (30 years) before the safeguards to a two-degree limit may bebreached.

　　如遵循这一配额，全球气温有66%的几率不超过上述2摄氏度的上限。而这一配额的总量，仅相当于迄今全球二氧化碳总排放量的三分之一。按照现在的排放速度，或许仅仅再有一代人的时间(30年)，2摄氏度的上限就会被打破。

　　The global costs of climate change will be borne locally – more flooding and coastal stormsurges, more droughts, strains on food production and health. The benefits of cutting carbonemissions are also regional and local, particularly in the case of China.

　　全球气候变化的代价，通常会由一些局部地区承担——那里会出现更多的洪涝灾害、台风和旱灾，对食物生产和人类健康构成挑战。同样，削减碳排放的好处也更多体现在局部地区，特别是就中国而言。

　　Over 1 million deaths can be attributed each year to severe air pollution in China, said theLancet Medical Journal. Children and old people are most at risk. Achieving ambitious targetsfor cutting carbon emissions means less air pollution.

　　《柳叶刀》(Lancet)称，中国每年有逾100万人因严重的空气污染死亡。儿童和老年人面对的风险最大。如果中国能实现艰巨的减排目标，意味着空气污染将大幅缓解。

　　Burning cheaper low-grade coal is more polluting. Coal burning in 2010 produced 3 milliontonnes of microscopic particulates and 20 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide emissions thatpenetrate deep into lungs and the blood stream. These fine particles are classified a Group 1carcinogen by the cancer agency by the World Health Organization.

　　燃烧较便宜的低品位煤炭会造成更大的污染。2010年，中国燃煤排放了300万吨粉尘和2000万吨二氧化硫。这些精细粉尘会渗入人的肺部和血液中，被世界卫生组织(WHO)归为1类致癌物(Group 1 carcinogen)。

　　Premier Li Keqiang in March declared “war against pollution and fight it with the samedetermination we battled poverty”. Action to fight air pollution, if well designed, also fightsclimate change and vice versa.

　　今年3月，中国总理李克强曾宣称：“我们要像对贫困宣战一样，坚决向污染宣战。”其实，设计良好的抗污措施，也能有效地缓解气候变化，反之亦然。

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