2023年CATTI三级英语笔译实务技巧：句子的结构

　　CATTI考试，作为重要的翻译考试，也是比较有社会价值的英语能力证书。对于大家参加CATTI考试的同学，大家在实际的备考中，应该如何更好的来复习备考?为了让大家能够更全面的准备CATTI考试，新东方在线小编为大家整理了“2023年CATTI三级英语笔译实务技巧：句子的结构”，让我们一起来学习备考吧!

　　英语的复杂句有时很长，往往层层包孕、环环相扣，但是主谓分明，关系清晰。英语句子通常把最主要的意义用主句表达，次要意义则用从句和介词短语等次要结构表达。汉语则不然，句子各成分之间关系往往很模糊，没有英语那样清楚。但是句子也有其自身的特点，在表达复杂的思想时，通常按一定的时空顺序或逻辑顺序，逐步展开。在汉英翻译实践中，译者首先应搞清楚句子表达的中心意义，将这一中心意义用英语的主谓结构译出，其它次要意义可根据它们与中心意义的关系，译成状语、定语等，这样行文才会符合英语的表达规范，译文才可能准确、流畅。例如：

　　1)人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态，从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

　　译文：Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of program which are both instructive and entertaining.

　　说明：本句共有两层意义，第一层意义是“电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态”，其中“电视可以了解时事”和“掌握科学和政治的最新动态”，属并列关系，第二层意义是“从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目”，其中“层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的”同属定语，根据英语的表达习惯，“既有教育意义又有娱乐性的”宜使用英语定语从句译出。

　　2)对于现代书籍，特别是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话，那么就应该每隔较短的时问，将书中的内容重新修改。

　　译文：Modem scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, require revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.

　　说明：本句的中心意义是“现代书籍应该每隔较短的时间将内容重新修改”，故译成主谓结构;其它信息为次要内容，这里可译作条件从句。

　　3)尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。

　　译文：People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

　　说明：本句的中心意义是“人们不敢出门”，可译作主句，其它信息为次要内容，这里可分别译作让步状语和原因状语。

　　4)他[鲁班]看见河面很宽，水流很急，两条小船来回渡人。

　　译文：On the swift waters of the wide river, he saw two small ferryboats hurrying to and fro with passengers.

　　说明：本句有人译为：He saw that the river was very wide and the current was very swift and two small boats were hurrying to and fro with passengers。这样英语句子的语法关系就变得非常混乱。这里译者把句子理解为：“两条小船在湍急的江面上来回渡人”，即把“河面很宽，水流很急”处理为状语，问题就迎刃而解了。

　　强化训练

　　Ⅰ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

　　1. We are soberly aware that China remains the world's largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.

　　2. Britain's largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the world's major steel-producing nations.

　　3. The unprecedented high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the China-US relations.

　　4. The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.

　　5. Being the world's fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britain's pharmaceutical industry has some of the world's largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers.

　　6. Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2, 000 companies.

　　7. The footwear manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of small companies, increasingly under pressure from imports.

　　8. Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a "Golden Industry" and remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth.

　　9. A sound China-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability and development of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as well.

　　10. China's WTO entry makes it imperative for enterprises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.

　　Ⅱ. Translate the following sentences into English.

　　1.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

　　2.此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何时刻都要多。

　　3.从她的文字看来，她是一个亲切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏锐的头脑和绝佳的幽默感。

　　4.我是1929年8月17日在阿巴拉契山脉煤矿区中心的肯塔基州出生的，父亲叫奥利弗·鲍尔斯，母亲叫埃达·鲍尔斯，我在他们的六个子女中排行老二。

　　5.他的眼睛格外大，却少了原本该有的那份天真无邪，看着陌生人时尤其显得老成。

　　6.每个人都有各自的长处与缺点，应该互相学习，才能取人之长，补己之短。

　　7.他点点头，喉头发紧，一句话也说不出来。

　　8.中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十到七十年间发展起来。

　　9.另外一些人可以在工厂农村住几个月，在那里做调查，交朋友。

　　10.胡先生背着手，似乎在很有兴趣地“欣赏”这幅作品。

　　Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

　　Global Industrialization

　　Industrialization changed the world. Few places on earth have escaped its impact. However, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an understanding of how industrialization differed in each place.

　　Industrialization is always initially a regional, not a national, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long industrial lag of the American South. Many other parts of Western Europe plus the United States followed Britain in the early 19th century. A few other European regions —Sweden, Holland, northern Italy — began serious industrialization only at mid-century. The next big wave of new industrialization, beginning around the 1880s, embraced Russia and Japan. A final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest of the Pacific Rim (especially South Korea and Taiwan) by the 1960s.

　　Various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in each place. In Britain, for example, industrialization succeeded when it depended on individual inventors and relatively small companies. It began to lag, however, in the corporate climate of the later 19th century. In contrast, Germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger organizations, more impersonal management structures, and collaborative research rather than artisan-tinkerers. In Germany, the state was also more directly involved in industrialization than in Britain.

　　French industrialization emphasized updated craft products. This reflected not only earlier national specialties, but also less adequate resources in coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. Furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly, but they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. The United States' industrialization depended on immigrant labor. Unlike Germany, however, the United States introduced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. The United States with its huge market also pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact.

　　The consequences of industrialization are, ultimately, global. By the early 19th century, Europe's factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like Latin America and India. At the same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to expand in places like Chile and Brazil.

　　Gradually, however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. Much of 20th-century world history, in fact, involves efforts by societies like India, China, Iran, or Brazil to reduce their dependence on imports and mount a selective export operation through industry. Industrialization's environmental impact has also been international. Industrialization quickly affected local water and air quality around factories. Industrial demands for agricultural products, like rubber, caused deforestation and soil changes in places like Brazil. These patterns have accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. The word impact of industrialization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story as the 21st century begins.

　　Given the global impact of industrialization, it is increasingly important that we understand its nature and its consequences. Whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level — how it affects where and how we work or live our lives — it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global level, particularly when its global pattern is so complex. History provides a means toward this understanding. By understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industrializations for the good.

　　Ⅳ. Translate the following passage into English.

　　中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响

　　中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势：首先，中国在21世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次，中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系，某些产品已达到20世纪90年代国际技术水平。再次，某些进口车型已高度本土化。最后，廉价的劳动力是中国战胜外国竞争者的武器。

　　中国加入WTO将对国内汽车工业产生重大积极影响。第一，加入WTO可以加快汽车市场的发展。第二，加入WTO可以降低用于汽车工业的某些产品的价格。第三，贸易自由化将刺激国际贸易的发展并刺激汽车出口。最后，随着个人成为汽车的主力，加入WTO将加速私有汽车市场的发展。

　　中国加入WTO也将产生消极影响。第一，来自日本、美国、德国、法国、意大利以及其它国家的大型汽车公司将显示出他们的优势并利用其技术、营销以及运转资金方面的优势。第二，加入WTO后，市场的快速自由化将使中国的汽车制造商的税收和利润大幅下跌，这将迫使汽车制造商解聘许多雇员。1992年年末，中国汽车工业在岗人数约为185万人。第三，税收和利润的萎缩将大幅减少政府征自汽车工业的税收。1992年，汽车工业的总产值占全年国内工业总产值的12%。1997年，汽车工业缴纳利税200亿人民币，占国民生产总值重要部分。进口的减少将造成关税及其它从国外进口的汽车相关的产品税收的显著下降。最后，一旦跨国公司在中国建立起销售网络，他们将能够在国内市场上推出许多产品和服务。

　　以上就是新东方在线CATTI频道给大家整理的“2023年CATTI三级英语笔译实务技巧：句子的结构”相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助，更多备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线CATTI频道。