政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的生物多样性保护》

and observation networks. China has put in place monitoring and observation networks for various ecosystems and species. These networks have played an important role in supporting biodiversity research, demonstrating and promoting relevant technology, and protecting species and their habitats, thereby providing diverse information services and decision-making support for scientific research and education, popularizing science and exploiting resources. Among them, the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and the Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (CTERN) cover all ecosystems and elements; the China Biodiversity Monitoring and Research Network (Sino BON) covers a variety of biological groups such as animals, plants and microorganisms; the China Biodiversity Observation Network (China BON) has designated plots for the observation of indicator species all over the country.

　　加强资金保障。近年来，中国持续加大投入生物多样性保护领域的资金，为加强生物多样性保护提供重要保障。2017-2018年，连续两年安排超过2600亿资金投入生物多样性相关工作，是2008年投入的6倍。同时，利用财税激励措施，积极调动民间资本投入生物多样性保护。2020年，设立国家绿色发展基金，首期募资规模885亿元。

　　Increasing financial support. China has expanded funding for biodiversity conservation in recent years. More than RMB260 billion was earmarked in biodiversity-related causes in each of 2017 and 2018, six times the figure of 2008. Meanwhile, China has used fiscal and tax incentives to mobilize private capital to invest in biodiversity conservation. In 2020, a national green development fund was set up, raising RMB88.5 billion as a start.

　　强化科技与人才支撑。设立生物多样性保护领域研究专项，构建数据库和信息平台，完善生物多样性调查、观测和评估等相关技术和标准体系，为生物多样性保护提供有力科技支撑。通过“生物多样性保护专项”“典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究”“物种资源保护专项”“珍稀濒危野生动物保护专项”等一批基础科研项目，加强濒危野生动植物恢复与保护、种质资源和遗传资源保存、生物资源可持续利用和产业化等技术研发，逐步构建生物多样性保护和生物资源可持续利用技术体系。发挥高校和科研院所优势，推进科教融合，加强生物多样性人才培养。

　　Strengthening technical and talent support. China has set up special projects on biodiversity research, developed database and information platforms, and improved technologies and standards for survey, observation and assessment to provide strong technical support for biodiversity conservation. Through some basic scientific research projects on biodiversity conservation, restoration and protection of typical vulnerable ecosystems, conservation of species, and protection of rare and endangered wildlife, China has stepped up technology research and development in the restoration and protection of endangered wildlife, conservation of germplasm and genetic resources, and sustainable and profitable use of biological resources. This way, it has gradually built a technical system for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. China has taken full advantage of the strengths of universities and research institutes, and integrated science and education to reinforce the training of professionals on biodiversity.

　　(三)加强执法监督

　　3. Strengthening Law Enforcement and Supervision

　　开展中央生态环境保护督察，解决突出生态环境问题，改善生态环境质量，推动经济社会高质量发展。组织打击野生动植物非法贸易等专项执法行动，持续加大涉及生物多样性违法犯罪问题的打击整治力度，坚决制止和惩处破坏生态系统、物种和生物资源的行为。

　　China has conducted central environmental protection inspections to solve outstanding problems, improve eco-environmental quality, and promote high-quality economic and social development. It has organized special actions against illegal wildlife trade, and increased its effort to combat illegal and criminal activities concerning biodiversity. It has taken tough steps to stop and punish all activities that do damage to ecosystems, species and biological resources.

　　加大中央生态环境保护督察力度。2015年起，建立中央生态环境保护督察制度，逐步覆盖31个省、自治区、直辖市和国务院有关部门、部分中央企业。坚持问题导向，重点围绕生物多样性保护、应对气候变化、长江十年禁渔、海洋生态环境保护等重大任务开展督察，推动解决一批生态环境领域的突出问题。中央生态环境保护督察制度有力推动各级政府和部门承担起保护生态环境的责任，为生物多样性保护提供强大的制度保障。

　　Strengthening central inspection on eco-environmental protection. The system of central inspection on eco-environmental protection was established in 2015. Since then, it has been developed to cover 31 provincial-level administrative units, relevant departments under the State Council and some state-owned enterprises directly under the central government. To solve prominent environmental problems, China has carried out inspections focusing on major issues such as biodiversity conservation, climate change, the 10-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, and marine environmental protection. The system serves to push governments at all levels and relevant departments to take responsibility for protecting the eco-environment, providing strong institutional guarantees for conserving biodiversity.

　　开展生物多样性保护执法检查。开展跨部门、跨区域和跨国联合执法行动，严厉打击珍稀濒危野生动植物走私，对涉及野生动植物交易等违法活动采取零容忍态度。健全野生动物保护执法监管长效机制，开展“绿盾”自然保护地强化监督、“碧海”海洋生态环境保护、“中国渔政亮剑”、“昆仑行动”等系列执法行动，对影响野生动植物及其栖息地保护的行为进行严肃查处。建立长江禁捕退捕的跨区域跨部门联合执法联动协作机制，加大非法捕捞专项整治力度，对相关违法犯罪行为形成高压态势。

　　Carrying law enforcement inspections on biodiversity conservation. Adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward illegal activities involving wildlife trade, China has carried out trans-department, cross-region and cross-border joint actions to crack down on the trafficking of rare and endangered wildlife. It has improved the long-term mechanism for monitoring law enforcement concerning wild animal protection. Special law enforcement campaigns have been launched to combat illegal activities threatening wildlife and their habitats, including the Green Shield inspections of nature reserves, the Blue Sea initiative for marine environmental protection, the Sword campaigns targeting fisheries, and the Kunlun actions against crimes and violations in the fields of food, drugs and the environment. In a tough stand against illegal activities, China has established collaboration mechanisms for cross-region and trans-department joint actions on enforcing the Yangtze River fishing ban and withdrawal of fishermen concerned, and has conducted special campaigns against illegal fishing.

　　(四)倡导全民行动

　　4. Encouraging Public Engagement

　　中国不断加强生物多样性保护宣传教育，政府加强引导、企业积极行动、公众广泛参与的行动体系基本形成，公众参与生物多样性保护的方式更加多元化，参与度全面提高。持续开展生物多样性保护宣传教育和科普活动，在国际生物多样性日、世界野生动植物日、世界湿地日、六五环境日、水生野生动物保护科普宣传月等重要时间节点举办系列活动，调动全社会广泛参与，进一步增强公众保护意识。创新宣传模式，拓宽参与渠道，完善激励政策，邀请公众在生物多样性政策制定、信息公开与公益诉讼中积极参与、建言献策，营造生物多样性保护的良好氛围。发布《“美丽中国，我是行动者”提升公民生态文明意识行动计划(2021-2025年)》《关于推动生态环境志愿服务发展的指导意见》，为各类社会主体和公众参与生物多样性保护工作提供指南和规范。成立长江江豚、海龟、中华白海豚等重点物种保护联盟，为各方力量搭建沟通协作平台。加入《生物多样性公约》秘书处发起的“企业与生物多样性全球伙伴关系”(GPBB)倡议，鼓励企业参与生物多样性领域工作，积极引导企业参与打击野生动植物非法贸易。

　　China continues to strengthen publicity and education on biodiversity conservation. An action system involving stronger government guidance, corporate action, and extensive public participation is taking shape. Public participation in biodiversity conservation has grown and become more diversified.

　　Public awareness activities and dissemination of knowledge on biodiversity are being carried out. On important occasions such as the International Day for Biological Diversity, World Wildlife Day, World Wetlands Day, World Environment Day, and Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Public Awareness Month, events will be held to encourage broad social participation and raise public awareness of eco-environmental conservation.

　　China has explored new publicity models, broadened participation channels, improved incentives, and invited public participation in policy making, information disclosure and public-interest litigation related to biodiversity, creating a positive environment for biodiversity conservation. Beautiful China, I’m a Contributor – Action Plan to Raise Public Awareness of Ecological Conservation (2021-2025), and Guidelines on Advancing Volunteer Service in Eco-environmental Protection have been released to provide guidelines and norms for entities and individuals to participate in biodiversity conservation.

　　China has formed alliances for protecting key species including the Yangtze finless porpoise, the turtle and the Chinese white dolphin, which serve as platforms of communication and cooperation for all stakeholders.

　　In 2015, China joined the Global Partnership for Business and Biodiversity (GPBB), initiated by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Enterprises are encouraged to take part in biodiversity-related initiatives and actions against illegal wildlife trade.

　　四、深化全球生物多样性保护合作

　　IV. Further Global Cooperation on Biodiversity Conservation

　　面对生物多样性丧失的全球性挑战，各国是同舟共济的命运共同体。中国坚定践行多边主义，积极开展生物多样性保护国际合作，广泛协商、凝聚共识，为推进全球生物多样性保护贡献中国智慧，与国际社会共同构建人与自然生命共同体。

　　Facing the global challenge of biodiversity loss, all countries form a community of shared future. China firmly practices multilateralism and actively carries out international cooperation on biodiversity conservation through extensive consultations to build consensus. It is contributing solutions to global biodiversity conservation and working together with the international community to build a shared future for humanity and nature.

　　(一)积极履行国际公约

　　1. Actively Implementing International Conventions

　　中国积极履行《生物多样性公约》及其议定书，促进相关公约协同增效，展现大国担当，在全球生物多样性保护和治理进程中发挥重要作用。

　　By actively implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and related protocols, with a strong sense of responsibility as a major country, China has worked to enhance synergies among biodiversity-related conventions and played an important role in global biodiversity conservation and governance.

　　积极履行《生物多样性公约》及其议定书。1992年以来，中国坚定支持生物多样性多边治理体系，采取一系列政策和措施，切实履行公约义务。作为公约及其议定书的缔约方，按时高质量提交国家报告，2019年7月提交了《中国履行〈生物多样性公约〉第六次国家报告》，同年10月提交了《中国履行〈卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书〉第四次国家报告》。2019年以来，中国成为《生物多样性公约》及其议定书核心预算的最大捐助国，有力支持了《生物多样性公约》的运作和执行。近年来，中国持续加大对全球环境基金捐资力度，已成为全球环境基金最大的发展中国家捐资国，有力地支持了全球生物多样性保护。

　　Actively implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and related protocols. China firmly supports the multilateral governance system for biodiversity, and has adopted strong policies and measures to fulfill its obligations under the Convention since 1992. As an important signing party of the Convention and its protocols, China has submitted high-quality national reports on a regular basis. In July 2019, China submitted its Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity and in October the Fourth National Report to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

　　Since 2019, China has been the largest contributor to the core budget of the Convention and its protocols, and has strongly supported its operation and implementation. In recent years, China has continued to increase its contributions to the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and has become the largest developing country contributor to the GEF, lending strong support to global biodiversity conservation.

　　促进生物多样性相关公约协同增效。生物多样性与其他生态环境问题联系密切，中国支持协同打造更牢固的全球生态安全屏障，构筑尊重自然的生态系统，协同推动《生物多样性公约》与其他国际公约共同发挥作用。中国持续推进《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》《联合国气候变化框架公约》《联合国防治荒漠化公约》《关于特别是作为水禽栖息地的国际重要湿地公约》《联合国森林文书》等进程，与相关国际机构合作建立国际荒漠化防治知识管理中心，与新西兰共同牵头组织“基于自然的解决方案”领域工作，并将其作为应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失的协同解决方案。2020年9月，中国宣布力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和，为全球应对和减缓气候变化作出中国贡献。

　　Enhancing synergies among biodiversity-related conventions. Biodiversity is closely related to other eco-environmental issues. China supports collaborative efforts in building a stronger global ecological security barrier and an ecosystem that respects nature, and is ready to work with all the parties to push for a joint role for the Convention and other international conventions.

　　China takes an active part in implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, and the documents of the UN Forum on Forests. In cooperation with relevant international organizations, China has established the International Desertification Control Knowledge Management Center. China and New Zealand jointly led the efforts on Nature-based Solutions (NBS) projects, making NBS a synergistic solution in combating climate change and biodiversity loss.

　　In September 2020, China announced that it will strive to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, contributing its share to the global response to climate change mitigation.

　　推动履约取得明显成效。中国为推动实现2020年全球生物多样性保护目标和联合国2030年可持续发展目标作出积极贡献。自发布《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》(2011-2030年)以来，中国通过完善法律法规和体制机制、加强就地和迁地保护、推动公众参与、深化国际合作等政策措施，有力推动改善了生态环境。其中，设立陆地自然保护区、恢复和保障重要生态系统服务、增加生态系统的复原力和碳储量等3项目标超额完成，生物多样性主流化、可持续管理农林渔业、可持续生产和消费等13项目标取得良好进展。

　　Achieving remarkable results in fulfilling obligations. China has made positive contribution to the 2020 global biodiversity targets (the Aichi targets) and the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

　　In 2010, the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) was published. Since then, China has been working for a better eco-environment by improving the legal system and other mechanisms, strengthening in-situ and ex-situ conservation, increasing public participation, and boosting international cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity.

　　China has over-fulfilled three of the Aichi targets – establishing terrestrial nature reserves, restoring and ensuring important ecosystem services, and increasing ecosystem resilience and carbon storage – and made progress in 13 targets, including mainstreaming biodiversity, sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fishery, and sustainable production and consumption.

　　(二)增进国际交流合作

　　2. Strengthening International Exchanges and Cooperation

　　中国坚持多边主义，注重广泛开展合作交流，凝聚全球生物多样性保护治理合力。借助“一带一路”“南南合作”等多边合作机制，为发展中国家保护生物多样性提供支持，努力构建地球生命共同体。

　　China is an advocate of multilateralism. It engages in extensive cooperation and exchanges, pooling global forces in biodiversity conservation and governance. With the help of multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and South-South Cooperation, China has provided support for biodiversity conservation in developing countries and is striving to build a shared future for all life on Earth.

　　建立“一带一路”绿色发展多边合作机制。中国将生态文明领域合作作为高质量共建“一带一路”重点内容，采取绿色基建、绿色能源、绿色金融等系列举措，为沿线国家提供资金、技术、能力建设等方面支持，帮助他们加速绿色低碳转型，持续造福沿线各国人民。成立“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟，40多个国家成为合作伙伴，在生物多样性保护、全球气候变化治理与绿色转型等方面开展合作。建设“一带一路”生态环保大数据服务平台，吸纳100多个国家生物多样性相关数据，为“一带一路”绿色发展提供数据支持。实施绿色丝路使者计划，与发展中国家共同加强环保能力建设，通过开展培训、项目合作等形式，为有关国家落实《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》提供帮助。

　　Establishing multilateral cooperation mechanisms for green development under the BRI. China regards cooperation in eco-civilization as a key component of the BRI, and has adopted a series of green measures in infrastructure, energy, and finance to support participating countries with fund, technology and capacity building. These measures are helping them transform faster to green, low-carbon growth to the benefit of the people.

　　China has established the Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition, with international partners from over 40 countries. The Coalition facilitates cooperation on biodiversity conservation, global climate change governance and green transformation.

　　The BRI Environment Big Data Platform is in the making. The platform aims to collect biodiversity data from over 100 countries and provides data in support of the initiative’s green development.

　　A Green Silk Road Envoy Program has been launched to jointly build environmental protection capacity with other developing countries. Under the program, China has helped relevant countries, through training and other project cooperation, to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

　　深化生物多样性保护“南南合作”。中国在“南南合作”框架下积极为发展中国家保护生物多样性提供支持，全球80多个国家受益。建立澜沧江-湄公河环境合作中心，定期举行澜沧江-湄公河环境合作圆桌对话，围绕生态系统管理、生物多样性保护等议题进行交流。建立中国-东盟环境合作中心，与东盟国家合作开发和实施“生物多样性与生态系统保护合作计划”“大湄公河次区域核心环境项目与生物多样性保护走廊计划”等项目，在生物多样性保护、廊道规划和管理以及社区生计改善等方面取得丰硕成果。建立中国科学院东南亚生物多样性研究中心，开展联合科学考察、重大科学研究、政策咨询与人才培养等工作。建立中非环境合作中心，促进环境技术合作，共享绿色发展机遇。

　　Stepping up South-South cooperation. China has provided support for more than 80 developing countries in biodiversity conservation under the framework of South-South cooperation.

　　China has established a center for the Lancang-Mekong environmental cooperation, and hosted regular roundtable meetings with a focus on ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. It has set up the China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center, and launched and implemented with ASEAN member states a number of cooperation initiatives, including the China-ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation, and the Core Environment Program and Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Fruitful results have been achieved in biodiversity conservation, corridor planning and management, and community livelihood improvement. The Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-SEABRI) was unveiled in 2015 to carry out joint field studies, major scientific research, policy consultation, and personnel training. The China-Africa Environment Cooperation Center has been established for cooperation on environmental technology and for sharing green development opportunities.

　　广泛开展双多边合作。坚持共商共建共享原则，不断深化生物多样性领域对外合作。积极参加联合国生物多样性峰会、领导人气候峰会等国际会议及活动，为保护生物多样性、促进可持续发展注入动力。组织召开“2020年后全球生物多样性展望：共建地球生命共同体”部长级在线圆桌会，共商2020年后生物多样性全球治理。中法两国共同发布《中法生物多样性保护和气候变化北京倡议》。与俄罗斯、日本等国家展开候鸟保护的长期合作。与俄罗斯、蒙古国、老挝、越南等国家合作，建立跨境自然保护地和生态廊道，其中，中俄跨境自然保护区内物种数量持续增长，野生东北虎开始在中俄保护地间自由迁移;中老跨境生物多样性联合保护区面积达20万公顷，有效保护亚洲象等珍稀濒危物种及其栖息地。中国还与德国、英国、南非等分别建立双边合作机制，就生物多样性和生态系统服务、气候变化和生物安全等领域开展广泛的合作与交流，与日本、韩国建立中日韩三国生物多样性政策对话机制。

　　Carrying out extensive bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Following the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, China has constantly expanded biodiversity cooperation.

　　It has taken an active part in international conferences and activities, including the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity and the Leaders’ Summit on Climate, giving impetus to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In 2020, China organized an online ministerial roundtable “Biodiversity Beyond 2020: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth” to discuss global biodiversity governance after 2020.

　　China and France jointly issued the Beijing Call for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change in 2019. China carries out long-term cooperation on migratory bird protection with Russia, Japan and other countries. China has worked with Russia, Mongolia, Laos, Vietnam and other countries in establishing transboundary PAs and ecological corridors. The number of species in the China-Russia transboundary nature reserve continues to grow, and wild Siberian tigers are beginning to migrate freely between PAs in Russia and China. The China-Laos transboundary biodiversity reserve, with an area of 200,000 hectares, effectively protects rare and endangered species such as Asian elephants and their habitats. China has established bilateral cooperation mechanisms with Germany, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and some other countries, through which extensive cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate change, and biosecurity have been carried out. It has established a mechanism of tripartite policy dialogue on biodiversity with Japan and the ROK.

　　结束语

　　Conclusion

　　地球是人类共同生活和守护的家园，生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，是地球生命共同体的血脉和根基。面对生物多样性丧失的全球性挑战，全人类是休戚与共的命运共同体。

　　The Earth is the homeland of humanity and we should protect it together. Biodiversity is the foundation for human survival and development, and the bloodline of all life on Earth. Facing the global challenge of biodiversity loss, humanity is one community that shares one and the same future.

　　中国已经踏上全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程，生态文明建设具备更多条件，同时，也面临很多挑战，生物多样性保护任重而道远。展望未来，中国将秉持人与自然生命共同体理念，把生物多样性保护作为生态文明建设重要内容，持续推进生物多样性治理体系和治理能力现代化，改善自然生态系统状况，提升生态服务功能，提高生态产品供给能力，实现自然生态系统良性循环，不断满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需求。

　　On its new journey towards a modern socialist country, China is now equipped with better resources for boosting eco-civilization. But it also faces many challenges and heavy tasks. Looking to the future, China will uphold the idea of a shared future for humanity and nature, treat biodiversity conservation as an important part of eco-civilization, and continue to modernize its biodiversity governance system and capabilities. It will work to improve natural ecosystems, reinforce eco-environmental services, and provide more eco-environmental products, to achieve a virtuous cycle of natural ecosystems and meet the people’s growing demand for a beautiful eco-environment.

　　中国将始终做万物和谐美丽家园的维护者、建设者和贡献者，与国际社会携手并进、共同努力，开启更加公正合理、各尽所能的全球生物多样性治理新进程，实现人与自然和谐共生美好愿景，推动构建人类命运共同体，共同建设更加美好的世界。

　　China will always stand guard for our harmonious and beautiful planet for all life and contribute to its wellbeing with action. It will work together with the international community on a new model of global biodiversity governance that is fairer and more reasonable, with each member contributing its share, so as to realize the worldwide vision of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. It will continue to help build a global community of shared future, and move forward into better times with the rest of the world.

　　以上就是新东方在线CATTI频道给大家整理的“政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的生物多样性保护》”相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助，更多CATTI备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线CATTI备考频道。