政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《人类减贫的中国实践》

　　In the 21st century, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary embraced the Scientific Outlook on Development. Its goals were to advance the development of a harmonious society, build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and facilitate the development of a new socialist countryside.

　　It enacted a new series of poverty alleviation policies and measures. This resulted in major adjustments to the focus and targets of poverty alleviation work, listing the central and western regions as the priority region, and choosing as individual targets 150,000 impoverished villages besides the 592 key counties, where the full participation of villagers in poverty alleviation efforts was encouraged.

　　A whole range of efforts were directed to business development, the training and transfer of rural labor, poverty alleviation through relocation, and relocation for the development of the eco-economy. State strategy of regional development was implemented, such as developing west China, revitalizing old industrial bases in the northeast, and stimulating the rise of the central region. These achieved coordinated development between regions and between rural and urban areas. The Agricultural Tax was abolished and a series of rural social security systems such as the new cooperative medical care system were established, greatly easing the burden on farmers. The National Conference on Development-driven Poverty Alleviation in 2011 made plans for a new phase in the battle against poverty to ensure that moderate prosperity in all respects would be achieved by 2020. After the meeting, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the Outline of Development-driven Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas (2011-2020). China’s poverty alleviation effort had evolved from its primary mission – meeting the basic needs of the poor – to a new stage of consolidating this achievement, accelerating poverty alleviation, improving the eco-environment, increasing development capacity, and bridging the development gap. By the end of 2010, according to the poverty standard, the impoverished rural population had been reduced to 26.88 million, and the incidence of poverty had fallen to 2.8%. In 2011, the standard was raised to RMB2,300, and accordingly the poor population was 122 million.

　　(三)中国发展进入新时代，中国减贫进入脱贫攻坚历史新阶段

　　3. China in a New Era and a New Battle Against Poverty

　　中共十八大以来，中国发展进入新时代，全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标进入关键阶段。经济社会快速发展，综合国力明显增强，社会保障体系更加健全，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化加快推进，为减贫事业发展奠定了坚实的人力、财力、物力基础，提供了有力制度支撑。同时，中国仍然面临严峻的贫困形势，面对的都是贫中之贫、坚中之坚，减贫进入啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨的冲刺阶段，采用常规思路和办法、按部就班推进难以完成任务，必须以更大的决心、更明确的思路、更精准的举措、超常规的力度，众志成城实现脱贫攻坚目标。

　　China marched into a new era after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012. The country reached a critical stage in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the First Centenary Goal. Rapid economic and social development, a marked increase in comprehensive national strength, a better social security system, and progress in modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance provided solid manpower, material, and financial foundations and strong institutional support for its poverty alleviation efforts. But the country still faced a daunting challenge since it had to solve the most difficult problems in raising the poorest population out of poverty in the coming period. China’s battle against extreme poverty had entered the toughest stage. It was hard to complete the task with conventional approaches and ideas. To achieve the goal of poverty alleviation, the nation had to pull together with greater determination, sharper thinking, more targeted measures, and extraordinary efforts.

　　以习近平同志为核心的中共中央，把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，推进决胜全面建成小康社会，把贫困人口全部脱贫作为全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标的底线任务和标志性指标，将脱贫攻坚纳入“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，明确到2020年现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困的目标任务，汇聚全党全国全社会之力打响脱贫攻坚战。习近平总书记时刻挂念贫困地区和困难群众，把扶贫作为治国理政的重要内容，花的精力最多，提出一系列重要思想重要论述，作出一系列重大决策部署。2012年，中共十八大提出全面建成小康社会奋斗目标，十八大召开后不久，习近平总书记就指出“小康不小康，关键看老乡，关键在贫困的老乡能不能脱贫”，强调“决不能落下一个贫困地区、一个贫困群众”，拉开了新时代脱贫攻坚的序幕。2013年，习近平总书记赴湖南省花垣县十八洞村考察时，首次提出“实事求是、因地制宜、分类指导、精准扶贫”的理念。2014年，习近平总书记在参加十二届全国人大二次会议贵州代表团审议时指出，“看真贫、扶真贫、真扶贫”。2015年，习近平总书记出席中央扶贫开发工作会议时指出，“要立下愚公移山志，咬定目标、苦干实干”，吹响了脱贫攻坚战的冲锋号。2017年，习近平总书记在中共十九大报告中指出，“让贫困人口和贫困地区同全国一道进入全面小康社会是我们党的庄严承诺”“坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战”，动员全党全国全社会聚力攻克深度贫困堡垒、决战决胜脱贫攻坚。2020年，面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，习近平总书记主持召开决战决胜脱贫攻坚座谈会进行再部署再动员，指出农村贫困人口全部脱贫“必须如期实现，没有任何退路和弹性。这是一场硬仗，越到最后越要紧绷这根弦，不能停顿、不能大意、不能放松”，要求全党全国以更大的决心、更强的力度，做好“加试题”、打好收官战，信心百倍向着脱贫攻坚的最后胜利进军。

　　The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core takes the desire of the people for a better life as its goal. It has committed to realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Poverty alleviation, a key task and index of the realization of the First Centenary Goal, has been included in the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The CPC set the goals that by 2020 it would help all the rural population out of poverty as defined by the existing standard, raise all impoverished counties out of poverty, and eliminate poverty over entire regions – mobilizing the whole Party, the whole country, and all sectors of society to engage in this battle. President Xi Jinping, always concerned about impoverished regions and families in straitened circumstances, has always put poverty alleviation at the top of his work agenda and devoted much of his energy to it. He has presented a series of important ideas and proposals, and made some major policy decisions. The 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 set the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Soon after that, Xi enunciated, “To achieve initial prosperity in the countryside, it is essential to raise rural living standards and particularly those of impoverished villagers.” Launching the campaign against poverty in the new era, he also emphasized, “No single poor area or single poor person should be left behind in achieving this goal.” In 2013, on his inspection tour to Shibadong Village, Huayuan County, Hunan Province, Xi proposed for the first time the concept of “giving differentiated guidance for targeted poverty alleviation in line with local conditions by seeking truth from facts”. In 2014, while attending the deliberation session of the Guizhou delegation at the Second Plenary Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, Xi stated, “Inspection tours must be conducted to identify the truly poor. Poverty alleviation must reach those who truly need it, and poverty must be fully eliminated.” In 2015, at the National Conference on Development-driven Poverty Alleviation, he sounded the bugle call to battle, “We should be determined, dedicate ourselves, and work hard towards the goal.” In 2017, in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, Xi emphasized the need to mobilize the energies of the whole Party, the whole country, and the whole of society to win the battle against extreme poverty and eradicate it, “Ensuring that poor people and poor areas will enter the moderately prosperous society together with the rest of the country is a solemn promise made by our Party… We must win the battle against poverty.” In 2020, faced with the sudden attack of Covid-19, Xi mapped out new plans for mobilization at a seminar on poverty alleviation, emphasizing that lifting poor people in the rural areas out of poverty “must be achieved as scheduled”. “It is non-negotiable. This is a tough battle with no route of retreat. We must double our efforts till the last minute. We must not pause, slacken off or be negligent.” He asked the whole Party to perform well in this “difficult test”, to apply more determination and more vigor, and to be confident of bringing the battle to a successful end.

　　习近平总书记亲自指挥、亲自部署、亲自督战，出席中央扶贫开发工作会议，7次主持召开中央扶贫工作座谈会，50多次调研扶贫工作，连续5年审定脱贫攻坚成效考核结果，连续7年在全国扶贫日期间出席重要活动或作出重要指示，连续7年在新年贺词中强调脱贫攻坚，每年在全国两会期间下团组同代表委员共商脱贫攻坚大计，多次回信勉励基层干部群众投身减贫事业。习近平总书记走遍全国14个集中连片特困地区，考察了20多个贫困村，深入贫困家庭访贫问苦，倾听贫困群众意见建议，了解扶贫脱贫需求，极大鼓舞了贫困群众脱贫致富的信心和决心。2021年2月25日，习近平总书记在全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会上庄严宣告中国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务，创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹。

　　President Xi Jinping has assumed leadership, made plans, and directed the battle in person.

　　He has attended the National Conference on Development-driven Poverty Alleviation, and presided over seven seminars on poverty elimination. He has made over 50 fact-finding trips. In every one of the last five years, he has reviewed the evaluation reports of the poverty alleviation work. In every one of the last seven years, he has attended important events or issued directives on the National Poverty Alleviation Day. In every one of the last seven years, he has expounded on the fight against extreme poverty in his New Year address. In every one of the last eight years, he has discussed plans for the battle against poverty with delegates during the Two Sessions and written letters to encourage grassroots officials and communities to engage in the great fight. He has visited every one of the 14 contiguous poor areas across the country and over 20 poor villages, and sat in the homes of impoverished households to hear of their difficulties, suggestions, and needs, building up their confidence and determination, and their belief that they can work their way out of poverty. On February 25, 2021, at the National Poverty Alleviation Summary and Commendation Conference, he declared that China had secured a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty, and completed the arduous task of eradicating extreme poverty – an outstanding and historic achievement.

　　回顾中国共产党领导人民消除绝对贫困的艰辛历程，极不平凡，极不容易。100年来，中国共产党始终坚守初心使命，担当起对人民的责任，践行对人民的承诺，为实现民族独立、人民解放和国家富强、人民富裕接续奋斗，付出巨大牺牲，赢得了人民的拥护和信赖。100年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民自强不息、艰苦奋斗，依靠自己的双手，付出难以想象的辛劳和汗水，摆脱了绝对贫困，走上了全面小康、共同富裕的康庄大道。100年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，人民的生存权发展权充分保障，社会公平正义有力彰显，为更好实现人的全面发展奠定了坚实基础。

　　The strenuous process whereby the CPC has led the Chinese people in the battle against poverty has been extraordinary and difficult. Over the past 100 years, the Party has committed itself to the original aspiration of seeking happiness for the people, taken on its responsibility for the people, honored its promise to the people, and made huge sacrifices in fighting to win national independence and people’s liberation, to make China prosperous and strong, and to bring common prosperity to all. In the process it has won the support and trust of the people.

　　Over the past 100 years the Chinese people, under the leadership of the CPC, have never faltered in pursuit of progress, have put in unimaginable efforts, and have relied on themselves to eradicate extreme poverty, and march towards shared all-round prosperity.

　　Over the past 100 years, under the leadership of the CPC, China has stood tall, become prosperous, and grown in overall national strength. The protection of the rights to subsistence and development, and the promotion of equality and justice have laid solid foundations for well-rounded human development.

　　二、新时代脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利

　　II. Final Victory in the Fight Against Extreme Poverty

　　中共十八大以来，经过8年持续奋斗，到2020年底，中国如期完成新时代脱贫攻坚目标任务，现行标准下9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫(图1)，832个贫困县全部摘帽(图2)，12.8万个贫困村全部出列，区域性整体贫困得到解决，完成消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。

　　China’s fight against poverty entered a critical stage after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012. At the end of 2020, through eight years of hard work, China achieved the goal of eliminating extreme poverty – a key goal for the new era of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The 98.99 million people in rural areas who were living below the current poverty threshold all shook off poverty (Figure 1); all the 128,000 impoverished villages and 832 designated poor counties got rid of poverty (Figure 2). China has eliminated poverty over entire regions and eradicated extreme poverty.

　　脱贫攻坚战对中国农村的改变是历史性的、全方位的，是中国农村的又一次伟大革命，深刻改变了贫困地区落后面貌，有力推动了中国农村整体发展，补齐了全面建成小康社会最突出短板，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标奠定了坚实基础。脱贫攻坚战全面胜利，中华民族在几千年发展历史上首次整体消除绝对贫困，实现了中国人民的千年梦想、百年夙愿。

　　The battle against poverty has been another great revolution in rural China, leading to historic and comprehensive changes. The campaign saw an end to the backwardness of poverty-stricken areas, boosted overall rural development, resolved the greatest threat to success in achieving moderate prosperity in all respects, and laid a solid foundation for building a modern socialist China and realizing the Second Centenary Goal. China has secured a complete victory in the battle against extreme poverty, eliminating overall and extreme poverty for the first time in its history of thousands of years, and realizing a century-long aspiration of the Chinese people.

　　(一)贫困人口生活水平显著提升

　　1. Significant Improvement in the Living Standards of the Poor

　　经过脱贫攻坚战，贫困人口的收入和福利水平大幅提高，“两不愁三保障”⑥全面实现，教育、医疗、住房、饮水等条件明显改善，既满足了基本生存需要，也为后续发展奠定了基础。脱贫攻坚的阳光照耀到每一个角落，贫困群众的生活发生了巨大变化。

　　Through poverty alleviation, there has been a substantial improvement in the incomes and welfare of the poor. The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees [This refers to assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing for impoverished rural residents.] have been realized; education, healthcare, housing and drinking water supplies are much improved. These provisions have covered all basic needs and laid the foundations for future development. The fight against poverty has led to dramatic changes in the lives of the impoverished.

　　贫困人口收入水平持续提升(图3)。贫困地区农村居民人均可支配收入，从2013的6079元增长到2020年的12588元，年均增长11.6%，增长持续快于全国农村，增速比全国农村高2.3个百分点。贫困人口工资性收入和经营性收入占比逐年上升，转移性收入占比逐年下降，自主增收脱贫能力稳步提高。少数民族和民族地区脱贫攻坚成效显著，2016年至2020年，内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区、西藏自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区和贵州、云南、青海三个多民族省份贫困人口累计减少1560万人。28个人口较少民族全部实现整族脱贫，一些新中国成立后“一步跨千年”进入社会主义社会的“直过民族”⑦，又实现了从贫穷落后到全面小康的第二次历史性跨越。

　　The incomes of the impoverished are increasing (Figure 3). The per capita disposable income of the rural poor increased from RMB6,079 in 2013 to RMB12,588 in 2020, up by 11.6% per annum on average. The growth rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than the national rural average. Their salary income and operative income kept increasing over the years in proportion to their transfer income, showing a stronger ability to shake off poverty through their own efforts.

　　Ethnic minority areas have made notable progress in fighting poverty. From 2016 to 2020, in the five autonomous regions (Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia and Xinjiang) and three provinces with a large multi-ethnic population (Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai), the number of the poor dropped by 15.6 million. Extreme poverty was eliminated in all 28 of the minority ethnic groups with a small population. Some ethnic groups, still at the later stage of primitive society when the PRC was founded in 1949, leapfrogged to socialism and then again made great strides towards moderate prosperity in all respects.

　　“两不愁三保障”全面实现。脱贫攻坚普查⑧显示，贫困户全面实现不愁吃、不愁穿，平时吃得饱且能适当吃好，一年四季都有应季的换洗衣物和御寒被褥。贫困人口受教育的机会显著增多、水平持续提高，农村贫困家庭子女义务教育阶段辍学问题实现动态清零，2020年贫困县九年义务教育巩固率达到94.8%。持续完善县乡村三级医疗卫生服务体系，把贫困人口全部纳入基本医疗保险、大病保险、医疗救助三重制度保障范围，实施大病集中救治、慢病签约管理、重病兜底保障等措施，99.9%以上的贫困人口参加基本医疗保险，全面实现贫困人口看病有地方、有医生、有医疗保险制度保障，看病难、看病贵问题有效解决。实施农村危房改造，贫困人口全面实现住房安全有保障(专栏1)。实施农村饮水安全和巩固提升工程，累计解决2889万贫困人口的饮水安全问题，饮用水量和水质全部达标，3.82亿农村人口受益;贫困地区自来水普及率从2015年的70%提高到2020年的83%。

　　The Two Assurances and Three Guarantees have been realized. According to the national survey of poverty alleviation [The national survey of poverty alleviation is a full review of China’s progress in fighting poverty and has a fundamental importance for targeted poverty alleviation. From 2020 to 2021, the survey was conducted in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China, focusing on the veracity of poverty alleviation results, particularly the overall progress in designated poor counties. The survey includes registration of poverty-stricken populations, progress in the Two Assurances and Three Guarantees, participation of the impoverished in poverty alleviation programs, and basic public services in poor counties and villages.], poor households now have adequate food and clothing all year round and a proper supply of nutritious food. They have clothing for all four seasons and comforters that protect them from cold weather.

　　Access to good quality education for the impoverished has improved remarkably; there are no dropouts in the countryside due to financial difficulties; nine-year compulsory education is now available to all children from rural poor households, and the completion rate in 2020 was 94.8%.

　　The three-tier healthcare system at village, township and county levels has been improved. All poverty-stricken populations now have access to basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, to ensure medical treatment to the impoverished with major illnesses, contracted healthcare to the impoverished with chronic diseases, and guaranteed medical services for the impoverished with critical illnesses. Basic medical insurance coverage of the poor is now over 99.9%. All the impoverished have been guaranteed medical services and medical insurance. Through these measures, China has resolved the problem of difficult and expensive access to medical treatment for poverty-stricken residents.

　　The program of renovation of dilapidated rural homes has ensured safe housing for all the impoverished (Box 1). The program of safe drinking water for rural residents has secured supplies to 28.89 million poor in terms of both quantity and quality, and benefited 382 million rural population; tap water coverage increased from 70% in 2015 to 83% in 2020.

　　(二)贫困地区落后面貌根本改变

　　2. Poverty-Stricken Areas Rid of Backwardness

　　长期以来，贫困地区基础设施薄弱，公共服务匮乏，经济社会发展滞后。脱贫攻坚战不仅使农村贫困人口全部脱贫，而且使贫困地区经济社会发展大踏步赶上来，整体面貌发生历史性巨变。

　　Poor areas have long suffered from weak infrastructure, inadequate public services, and social and economic underdevelopment. In the final stages of fighting poverty, China succeeded in raising all the rural poor out of extreme poverty and the impoverished areas achieved a big stride in economic and social development, taking on a brand-new look.

　　基础设施显著改善。出行难、用电难、用水难、通信难，是长期以来制约贫困地区发展的瓶颈。把基础设施建设作为脱贫攻坚基础工程，集中力量，加大投入，全力推进，补齐了贫困地区基础设施短板，推动了贫困地区经济社会快速发展。以建好、管好、护好、运营好农村公路(简称“四好农村路”，专栏2)为牵引，积极推进贫困地区建设外通内联、通村畅乡、客车到村、安全便捷的交通运输网络。截至2020年底，全国贫困地区新改建公路110万公里、新增铁路里程3.5万公里，贫困地区具备条件的乡镇和建制村全部通硬化路、通客车、通邮路，贫困地区因路而兴、因路而富。努力改善贫困地区水利基础设施条件，2016年以来，新增和改善农田有效灌溉面积8029万亩，新增供水能力181亿立方米，水利支撑贫困地区发展的能力显著增强。大幅提升贫困地区用电条件，实施无电地区电力建设、农村电网改造升级、骨干电网和输电通道建设等电网专项工程，把电网延伸到更多偏远地区，农村地区基本实现稳定可靠的供电服务全覆盖，供电能力和服务水平明显提升(专栏3)。加强贫困地区通信设施建设，贫困村通光纤和4G比例均超过98%，远程教育加快向贫困地区学校推进，远程医疗、电子商务覆盖所有贫困县，贫困地区信息化建设实现跨越式发展。基础设施的极大改善，从根本上破解了贫困地区脱贫致富的难题，畅通了贫困地区与外界的人流、物流、知识流、信息流，为贫困地区发展提供了有力的硬件支撑。

　　Infrastructure has been improved. Lack of access to transport, electricity, drinking water and communications hinders the development of poverty-stricken areas. Infrastructure construction is a basic element in the battle against poverty; through an intensified effort and further investment, new infrastructure in poor areas boosted their social and economic development.

　　The construction, management, maintenance and operation of roads in rural areas have all seen significant improvement (Box 2). Transport networks now connect all villages with other local villages and with the outside world, and provide them with safe and easy access to bus services. By the end of 2020, impoverished areas had gained 1.1 million km of reconstructed highways and 35,000 km of new railways; all the villages, townships and towns in poverty-stricken areas with the right conditions were accessible by paved road and provided with bus and mail routes, which facilitated more economic development.

　　Water infrastructure in impoverished areas has been improved in many ways. Since 2016, the effective irrigated area has increased by more than 5.35 million ha and water supply capacity has increased by 18.1 billion cu m. Better water infrastructure is also a provider of strong support for the development of poverty-stricken areas.

　　Electricity access in poor areas has been improved through power grid construction projects such as power supply to areas without electricity, upgrading of rural power grids, and construction of trunk power grids and power transmission channels. Now, more remote areas are connected to power grids, and almost all rural areas enjoy a steady power supply (Box 3).

　　Communications infrastructure has been extended in poverty-stricken areas. Now, over 98% of poor villages have access to optical fiber communications (OFC) and 4G technology; distance education is available at more schools in impoverished areas; telemedicine and e-commerce cover all designated poor counties. All of this represents an unprecedented pace of development of IT application in poverty-stricken areas.

　　This comprehensive range of infrastructure improvements has resolved many historical problems trapping poor areas in poverty, facilitated the flows of personnel, logistics, knowledge and information between poor areas and the outside world, and provided solid support for social and economic development in impoverished areas.

　　基本公共服务水平明显提升。在解决好贫困人口吃饭、穿衣、居住等温饱问题基础上，大力提升贫困地区教育、医疗、文化、社会保障等基本公共服务水平，实现贫困人口学有所教、病有所医、老有所养、弱有所扶，为贫困地区发展夯实基础、积蓄后劲。2013年以来，累计改造贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校10.8万所，实现贫困地区适龄儿童都能在所在村上幼儿园和小学。贫困地区公共文化服务水平不断提高，截至2020年底，中西部22个省份基层文化中心建设完成比例达到99.48%，基本实现村级文化设施全覆盖;持续推进文化下乡，贫困群众也有了丰富多彩的业余文化生活。贫困地区医疗条件显著改善，消除了乡村两级医疗卫生机构和人员“空白点”，98%的贫困县至少有一所二级以上医院，贫困地区县级医院收治病种中位数达到全国县级医院整体水平的90%，贫困人口的常见病、慢性病基本能够就近获得及时诊治，越来越多的大病在县域内就可以得到有效救治。综合保障体系逐步健全，贫困县农村低保标准全部超过国家扶贫标准，1936万贫困人口纳入农村低保或特困救助供养政策;6098万贫困人口参加了城乡居民基本养老保险，基本实现应保尽保。

　　Basic public services have been improved. In addition to providing adequate food, clothing and safe housing for the impoverished, China has intensified efforts to improve basic public services covering education, healthcare, culture and social security. The goal is to guarantee impoverished people access to education, medical services, elderly care and social assistance, so as to support development in poverty-stricken areas.

　　Since 2013, China has renovated 108,000 schools to strengthen the provision of compulsory education in poor areas, and ensured that all school-age rural children receive kindergarten and elementary education within their own villages.

　　Public cultural services in poor areas have also been improved. By the end of 2020, 99.48% of villages in 22 provinces and equivalent administrative units in central and western China had seen their own cultural centers completed. The campaign of bringing culture to the countryside has enriched the cultural life of the rural poor.

　　There has been a notable improvement in healthcare provision in poor areas. This program has remedied the shortfall in medical workers and institutions at village and township level. 98% of the designated poor counties now have at least one grade-two hospital. The county-level hospitals in impoverished areas can treat 90% of the diseases that general county-level hospitals can. The impoverished can now have common ailments and chronic diseases treated at nearby medical institutions in a timely manner, and more major illnesses can be effectively treated at county-level hospitals.

　　Comprehensive social security systems are now in place in poor areas. The standards of eligibility for rural subsistence allowances in designated poor counties are all higher than the national poverty threshold.

　　Some 19.36 million impoverished people have been covered by rural subsistence allowances or extreme poverty relief funds, and 60.98 million by basic pension schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, achieving nearly 100% coverage.

　　经济持续快速发展。脱贫攻坚极大释放了贫困地区蕴含的潜力，为经济发展注入强大动力。产业结构显著改善，特色优势产业不断发展，电子商务、光伏、旅游等新业态新产业蓬勃兴起，推动了贫困地区经济多元化发展，扩大了市场有效供给，厚植了经济发展基础。贫困地区的地区生产总值持续保持较快增长，2015年以来，人均一般公共预算收入年均增幅高出同期全国平均水平约7个百分点。收入的持续稳定增长，激发了贫困群众提升生活品质、丰富精神文化生活的需求，拉动了庞大的农村消费，为促进国内大循环提供了支撑。

　　The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. The battle against poverty has released the potential of poor areas, and injected vigor into their economic development.

　　Poverty-stricken areas have seen notable improvements in their economic structure. Businesses that leverage local strengths have been growing and thriving, including such new forms as e-commerce, photovoltaic technology, and tourism. The economy in poor areas has diversified, and effective market supply has increased. These developments provide solid foundations for economic growth.

　　The GDP of impoverished areas has maintained rapid growth. Since 2015, the average annual increment in per capita revenue from the national general public budget has been seven percentage points higher than the national average. A steady increase in incomes has created higher demand for life quality and cultural activities. This has stimulated a surge in consumption in rural areas, and provided support for the domestic economy.

　　优秀文化传承弘扬。加强贫困地区传统文化、特色文化、民族文化的保护、传承和弘扬，贫困地区优秀文化繁荣发展。实施国家传统工艺振兴工程，引导和推动革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区保护好、发展好当地优秀传统技艺。支持贫困地区深入挖掘民族文化、红色文化、乡土文化、非物质文化遗产特色资源，加强保护研究、人才培养、展示推广，打造特色文化旅游产业。开展留存扶贫印记活动，建立贫困村扶贫档案，鼓励支持扶贫题材影视文艺作品创作，生动记录脱贫致富历程。贫困地区优秀文化的保护传承，既促进了贫困群众增收致富，也延续了文脉、留住了乡愁。

　　Cultural heritage has been protected. China has strengthened the protection and promotion of traditional culture, folk culture and ethnic culture in poor areas to maintain a wealth of cultural diversity. It has implemented the Plan on the Revitalization of Traditional Chinese Craftsmanship to protect and develop fine craftsmanship in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas. It has supported poor areas to develop cultural resources with local characteristics, including ethnic culture, revolutionary sites, folk culture, and intangible cultural heritage. Local governments in poor areas have developed tourism there by conserving and promoting these cultural resources and training support staff. China has paid attention to keeping a record of the experiences of ordinary people in poverty alleviation, such as archives of poor villages, films, TV programs and literary works themed on poverty alleviation. Through the protection and promotion of cultural heritage in poor areas, the impoverished have gained additional income while retaining their cultural roots.

　　生态环境更美更好。将扶贫开发与水土保持、环境保护、生态建设相结合，通过生态扶贫、农村人居环境整治、生态脆弱地区易地扶贫搬迁等措施，贫困地区生态保护水平明显改善，守护了绿水青山、换来了金山银山。脱贫攻坚既促进了贫困人口“增收”，又促进了贫困地区“增绿”，极大改善了贫困地区生态环境，广大农村旧貌换了新颜，生态宜居水平不断提高。

　　The eco-environment has improved. China has integrated development-driven poverty alleviation with soil and water conservation and eco-environmental conservation. By developing the eco-economy, improving the rural living environment, and relocating the impoverished from inhospitable areas to places with better economic prospects, there have been remarkable improvements in the eco-environment of poverty-stricken areas. Lucid waters and lush mountains have become their invaluable assets. Through the fight against poverty, China has increased the incomes of the impoverished, improved the eco-environment of poor areas, and made the vast rural areas more livable spaces for their inhabitants.

　　深度贫困地区是贫中之贫、坚中之坚。通过脱贫攻坚，“三区三州”⑨等深度贫困地区突出问题得到根本解决，基础设施和公共服务水平显著提升，特色主导产业加快发展，社会文明程度明显提高，区域性整体贫困问题彻底解决(专栏4)。

　　Severely impoverished areas are the top priority in China’s battle against poverty. The “three areas and three prefectures” [The “three areas” refer to the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hotan, Aksu, Kashgar prefectures and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang, and prefectures and counties with large Tibetan populations in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai. The “three prefectures” refer to the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province.] in extreme poverty have seen notable improvements in infrastructure, public services, and civil communal behavior, as well as rapid development in industries and businesses that leverage local strengths. All of these efforts have brought an end to regional and overall poverty (Box 4).

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