政府报告中英文翻译：《中国军队参加联合国维和行动30年》

　　(六)播撒希望

　　6. Sowing the Seeds of Hope

　　过上幸福美好生活，是各国人民的共同期盼。远赴海外的中国维和官兵用实际行动，为遭受战火摧残的人民带去了和平、点亮了希望。

　　It is the common aspiration of all peoples throughout the world to live a better life. Far from home, Chinese military peacekeepers have made concrete efforts to bring peace and hope to war-afflicted peoples.

　　积极协助开展人道主义救援。30年来，中国维和部队与国际人道主义机构携手，积极参与难民安置、救济粮发放、难民营修建和抢险救灾等行动，开展了大量卓有成效的工作。2020年4月，刚果(金)东部乌维拉地区暴发罕见洪灾，人民生命财产安全面临严重威胁，中国工兵分队临危受命，紧急加固堤坝、修复被毁桥梁，打通生命通道，有力保护当地人民安全。

　　To actively facilitate humanitarian assistance. Over the past 30 years, China’s peacekeeping troops worked extensively and effectively with international humanitarian agencies, and have played an active role in resettling refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), distributing food, building refugee and IDP camps, and carrying out disaster relief tasks. In April 2020, Uvira in eastern DRC was struck by a rare flood, which posed a severe threat to the lives and property of the locals. The Chinese engineer unit was assigned to disaster relief work at the most critical moment and rushed to help reinforce levees and restore damaged bridges. They have given the locals access to help and protection, and effectively ensured the safety and security of the affected population.

　　广泛参与战后重建。战乱国家或地区签署和平协议后，帮助其恢复社会秩序、改善民生，是防止冲突再起、实现持久和平与稳定的治本之策。中国维和部队积极参与驻地战后重建进程，承担重要基础设施援建、协助监督选举、医护人员培训及环境保护等任务，得到驻在国政府和人民的积极评价。苏丹达尔富尔地区地处沙漠边缘、地质结构复杂，是世界上极度贫水地区之一，2007年至2013年期间，中国工兵分队给水官兵克服重重困难，先后在当地打井14口，有效缓解当地人民的饮水难题。

　　To participate extensively in post-conflict reconstruction. In a post-war country or region, when a peace agreement is reached, it is essential to restore livelihoods and social order in order to prevent the recurrence of conflict and achieve lasting peace and stability. Chinese peacekeeping troops have played an active role in post-conflict reconstruction of host nations. They built important infrastructure, monitored elections, trained local doctors and nurses, and promoted environmental protection. Their efforts have been acclaimed by the governments and peoples of host nations. Darfur lies on the edge of a desert with complex geology. It is one of the regions afflicted by the world’s most severe water shortages. From 2007 to 2013, Chinese military engineers drilled 14 wells in the most difficult circumstances, and effectively alleviated the problem of water scarcity for the locals.

　　传递温暖和爱心。中国维和官兵不仅是和平的守护人，也是友谊的传播者。中国赴刚果(金)医疗分队与驻地布卡武市“国际儿童村”结成对子，用真情传递爱心和温暖，中国女官兵被孩子们亲切称作“中国妈妈”，这一爱心接力棒已经接续了17年，在当地传为佳话。中国赴南苏丹维和部队向当地人民传授农业技术、赠送农具菜种，并应邀到当地中学开设中国文化和汉语课程，深受学生们欢迎。

　　To pass on love and care. Chinese military peacekeepers are not only guardians of peace but also messengers of friendship. The Chinese medical units in the DRC ran a twinning project in SOS Children’s Village Bukavu to offer help. Touched by the love and care from the units, children in the village called the female members their Chinese mothers. The consistent efforts of the Chinese units over the past 17 years have won widespread praise from the locals. In UNMISS, Chinese military peacekeepers provided agricultural techniques, farming tools and vegetable seeds to local people. They were invited by local middle schools to teach lessons on Chinese culture and language, which were very popular with the students.

　　30年来，中国军队先后参加25项联合国维和行动，累计派出维和官兵4万余人次，16名中国官兵为了和平事业献出了宝贵生命。2020年8月，2521名中国官兵正在8个维和特派团和联合国总部执行任务。中国女性维和官兵在维和行动中发挥了越来越重要的作用，先后有1000余名女性官兵参与医疗保障、联络协调、扫雷排爆、巡逻观察、促进性别平等、妇女儿童保护等工作，展示了中国女性的巾帼风采。中国维和部队的出色表现，受到联合国高度认可，赢得国际社会广泛赞赏，为国家和军队赢得了荣誉。2019年10月1日，中国维和部队方队首次在国庆阅兵中接受祖国和人民检阅。

　　Over the past 30 years, China’s armed forces have contributed more than 40,000 service members to 25 UN peacekeeping missions. Sixteen Chinese military peacekeepers have sacrificed their lives for the noble cause of peace. As of August 2020, 2,521 Chinese military peacekeepers were serving on eight UN peacekeeping missions and at UNHQ. Chinese service women are playing an increasingly important role in peacekeeping. More than 1,000 female peacekeepers have worked in medical support, liaison, coordination, demining, explosive ordnance disposal, patrol, observation, gender equality promotion, protecting women and children, and other fields. They demonstrated the talent and professionalism of Chinese women on their UN missions. Chinese peacekeeping troops have been commended by the UN and the international community for their contribution. They have won honor for their country and military. On October 1st, 2019, Chinese military peacekeepers were reviewed for the first time by the country and the people in the parade celebrating the 70th anniversary of the PRC.

　　三、中国全面落实联合国维和峰会承诺

　　III. Implementation of Pledges Announced at the UN Summit

　　2015年9月28日，中国国家主席习近平出席联合国维和峰会，宣布支持联合国维和行动的6项承诺。中国政府和军队坚决贯彻落实习近平主席决策部署，言必信、行必果，以实际行动履行相关承诺，取得一系列重要成果。5年来，中国维和部队构成从单一军种为主向多军兵种拓展，任务类型从支援保障向综合多能转型，行动目标从制止武装冲突向建设持久和平延伸，维和能力进一步提升。

　　On September 28, 2015, President Xi Jinping addressed the Leaders’ Summit on Peacekeeping at UNHQ and announced six measures that China would take to support UN peacekeeping. The Chinese government and armed forces have faithfully implemented the decisions and directions of President Xi Jinping, and taken concrete steps to honor their promises. Important progress has been made over the past five years. China’s armed forces have expanded the composition of their peacekeeping troops from single service to multiple military branches, enabling Chinese peacekeepers to perform diverse tasks in addition to enabling functions. The objectives of China’s peacekeeping efforts have extended beyond conflict prevention to building lasting peace. As a result, the peacekeeping capacity of China’s armed forces has been further strengthened.

　　(一)完成维和待命部队组建

　　1. A Peacekeeping Standby Force in Position

　　维和行动快速部署，能为和平争取机会，为生命赢得时间。中国军队大力支持联合国维和能力待命机制建设，提升维和行动快速部署能力。2017年9月，完成8000人规模维和待命部队在联合国的注册，包括步兵、工兵、运输、医疗、警卫、快反、直升机、运输机、无人机、水面舰艇等10类专业力量28支分队。2018年10月，13支维和待命分队通过联合国组织的考察评估，晋升为二级待命部队。2019年至2020年，先后有6支维和待命分队由二级晋升为三级待命部队。中国维和待命部队按照联合国标准严格施训，始终保持规定待命状态，是一支训练有素、装备精良、纪律严明的专业力量。中国已成为联合国维和待命部队数量最多、分队种类最齐全的国家。此外，中国公安部2016年6月率先组建了全球首支成建制常备维和警队，该警队2019年10月晋升为快速部署等级。

　　Rapid deployment of peacekeeping forces means greater opportunities to maintain peace and protect lives. China’s armed forces fully support the UN in developing the Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System (PCRS) and reinforcing UN rapid deployment capacity. In September 2017, China completed the registration of a UN peacekeeping standby force of 8,000 troops. This force has 28 units in ten categories – infantry, engineer, transport, medical, force protection, rapid response, helicopter, transport aircraft, UAV, and surface ship units. In October 2018, after a satisfactory Assessment and Advisory Visit (AAV) by a UNHQ team, 13 of these units were elevated to PCRS Level 2. In 2019 and 2020, six units were upgraded to PCRS Level 3 from Level 2. The Chinese standby force has been trained in strict compliance with the UN criteria and maintained the requisite degree of preparedness. It is now a well-trained, well-equipped and disciplined specialized force. China has become the country with the largest number of standby peacekeeping troops of the most diversified profile. In addition, in June 2016, the Chinese Ministry of Public Security set up a permanent peacekeeping police squad, the first of its kind in the world. The squad was pledged to the PCRS Rapid Deployment Level (RDL) in October 2019.

　　(二)派遣更多保障人员参加联合国维和行动

　　2. More Enabling Capabilities to the UNPKOs

　　工程、运输、医疗等后勤保障力量是维和行动的重要支撑，既有效提高特派团履职效能，又为驻在国战后重建和改善民生发挥重要作用。中国军队具有派遣保障分队参加维和行动的传统和优势。2015年联合国维和峰会以来，中国军队积极响应联合国维和行动在工程保障、医疗救治等方面的力量需求，先后派遣25批维和工兵和医疗分队共7001人，参加在刚果(金)、南苏丹、苏丹达尔富尔、马里、黎巴嫩的维和行动。2020年8月，中国军队有6支工兵分队1188人、4支医疗分队199人正在遂行联合国维和任务。他们在危险动荡和艰苦环境下修路架桥、扫雷排爆、救死扶伤、支援重建，圆满完成联合国赋予的各项任务，为当地和平进程作出积极贡献，树立了联合国维和部队的良好形象。

　　Enabler troops including engineer, transport and medical units provide vital support to peacekeeping missions. They play an important part in promoting the effectiveness of UN missions, facilitating post-conflict reconstruction and improving lives in host nations. China traditionally deploys hard-to-source enabler troops. After the Leaders’ Summit on Peacekeeping in 2015, China responded actively to the UN call for more enabler assets including engineering and medical capabilities. Twenty-five rotations of engineer and medical units totaling 7,001 troops have been committed to missions in the DRC, South Sudan, Sudan’s Darfur, Mali and Lebanon. As of August 2020, six Chinese engineer units of 1,188 troops and four medical units of 199 troops were serving on UN missions. In the danger, turbulence and harsh conditions of mission areas, Chinese military peacekeepers have successfully performed all tasks entrusted by the UN including building paved roads and bridges, clearing mines and explosives, providing medical services, and supporting reconstruction in host nations. They have contributed to the local peace process and promoted the public image of UN peacekeepers.

　　(三)完成为各国培训维和人员任务

　　3. Training Foreign Peacekeepers

　　中国军队秉持资源共享、合作共赢的精神，积极帮助其他出兵国提高训练水平，增强应对复杂环境能力，更好遂行联合国维和任务。5年来，先后举办了保护平民、维和特派团高级官员、维和教官、维和军事专业人员、女性维和军官等20批专业培训，为60多个国家训练维和人员1500余人。中国军队开展扫雷援助项目，为柬埔寨、老挝、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹、赞比亚、津巴布韦等国培训扫雷人员300余人。此外，中国公安部培训多国维和警务人员1000余人。

　　China’s armed forces are willing to share their peacekeeping assets in a spirit of win-win. They have actively helped other TCCs improve training, build capability to respond to complex situation, and better perform in the UNPKOs. In the past five years, China has provided 20 training programs to over 1,500 peacekeepers from more than 60 countries, covering civilian protection and courses for senior mission officials, trainers, military professionals, and female officers. The Chinese military provided assistance in demining and trained more than 300 professionals from countries including Cambodia, Laos, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The Chinese Ministry of Public Security also trained more than 1,000 foreign peacekeeping police officers.

　　(四)向非盟提供无偿军事援助

　　4. Military Aid Gratis to the African Union (AU)

　　维和行动的主要需求在非洲。为支持非洲国家提高自身维和维稳能力，以非洲方式解决非洲问题，中国军队积极落实对非盟1亿美元无偿军事援助，支持非洲常备军和危机应对快速反应部队建设。迄今为止，中国军队已向非盟交付首批军援装备和物资，派遣军事专家组对非方人员进行交装培训，并与非盟就下阶段军援安排达成一致。

　　Africa has the greatest need for peacekeeping. In order to help the African countries improve their ability to maintain peace and stability, and provide African solutions to African issues, the PLA has honored China’s commitment of gratis military aid to the value of USD100 million to support the African Standby Force and the African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crisis. The first installment of the aid including military equipment and supplies has been delivered to the AU, and Chinese military experts have been sent to complete the hand-over and provide end-user training. The PLA has agreed with the AU on the arrangement of the next aid installments.

　　(五)派出首支维和直升机分队遂行任务

　　5. The First Peacekeeping Helicopter Unit in Operation

　　中国战鹰为和平翱翔。2017年8月，中国军队向非盟-联合国达尔富尔混合行动(联非达团)派出140人的首支直升机分队部署到位，编配4架中型多用途直升机，主要承担部队投送、行动支援、人员搜救后送、后勤补给等任务。中国维和直升机分队在海外陌生复杂环境下完成多个高风险任务，成为联非达团重要的军事航空力量，为联合国在苏丹达尔富尔地区的维和行动提供了重要支撑。

　　The PLA helicopter unit made its first flight on a peacekeeping mission in August 2017. China’s armed forces deployed their first peacekeeping helicopter unit of 140 troops to the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). The unit was composed of four medium multi-purpose helicopters and tasked with force delivery, operational support, search and rescue, medical evacuation, and logistic supply. The unit adapted itself to the unknown complexities of overseas missions and fulfilled multiple high-risk tasks. It has become an essential airborne arm of UNAMID and a pillar of the UN peacekeeping operations in Darfur.

　　(六)设立中国-联合国和平与发展基金支持联合国维和行动

　　6. China-UN Peace and Development Fund in Support of the UNPKOs

　　为更好支持联合国和平事业，促进多边合作，中国设立了中国-联合国和平与发展基金。2016年至2019年，中国-联合国和平与发展基金在和平安全领域共开展52个项目，使用资金约3362万美元。其中23个项目涉及支持联合国维和行动，使用资金约1038万美元，包括联合国维和行动统筹规划、非洲维和能力建设、维和人员安保、在苏丹达尔富尔与马里等维和行动中的民生项目等。

　　To support the UN efforts for peace and advance multilateral cooperation, China has established a China-UN Peace and Development Fund. From 2016 to 2019, the fund financed 52 peace and security projects to a total value of USD33.62 million. Twenty-three of these projects were in support of the UNPKOs, which cost USD10.38 million. The goal of these projects is to strengthen coordination and planning of the UNPKOs, increase African peacekeeping capacity, provide protection for peacekeepers, and improve lives in Sudan’s Darfur, Mali and other mission areas.

　　四、中国军队积极推动维和国际合作

　　IV. Active Efforts for Greater International Cooperation

　　世界和平需要各国共同维护，维和行动需要多方加强合作。中国军队先后与90多个国家、10多个国际和地区组织开展维和交流与合作，通过团组互访、专家交流、联演联训、人员培训等形式增进相互了解，交流经验做法，加强务实合作，密切双多边关系，不断提升维和能力。

　　World peace is the responsibility of all countries and peacekeeping calls for expanding multilateral cooperation. China’s armed forces have cooperated on peacekeeping with over 90 countries and 10 international and regional organizations. They have enhanced mutual understanding, shared experience, extended practical cooperation, strengthened bilateral and multilateral relations, and promoted peacekeeping capability through exchange of visits, expert discussions, joint exercises and training, and personnel training.

　　(一)加强战略沟通，凝聚维和共识

　　1. Strengthening Strategic Communication to Build Consensus on Peacekeeping

　　加强与联合国高层的战略沟通，是联合国维和行动向前发展的重要途径。2012年以来，习近平主席11次会见联合国秘书长，在多个国际场合就世界和平与发展提出中国主张、中国方案，表达支持联合国维和行动的立场。2015年，习近平主席出席联合国维和峰会，提出恪守维和基本原则、完善维和行动体系、提高快速反应水平、加大对非洲的帮扶等主张。中国军队坚决贯彻落实领导人达成的共识，加强与联合国相关机构密切沟通，多次参加联合国维和部长级会议、联合国维和出兵国参谋长会议，积极推动维和领域合作。

　　Better strategic communication with the UN leadership is an important means to move the UNPKOs forward. Since 2012, President Xi Jinping has had 11 meetings with UN Secretary-Generals, proposed Chinese ideas and Chinese solutions for world peace and development on multiple international occasions, and reiterated China’s support for the UNPKOs. In 2015, President Xi Jinping attended the Leaders’ Summit on Peacekeeping at UNHQ and presented proposals that the basic principles of peacekeeping should be strictly followed, the peacekeeping system needs to be improved, rapid response needs to be enhanced, and greater support and help should be given to Africa. Accordingly, China’s armed forces are resolved to implement the consensus reached by the leaders. They have strengthened communication with relevant UN agencies, attended several sessions of the UN Peacekeeping Defense Ministerial and the UN Chiefs of Defense Conference, and actively promoted peacekeeping cooperation.

　　加强双多边沟通交流，增进理解互信。中国军队与俄罗斯、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、印尼、越南、法国、德国、英国、美国等国军队在维和领域积极开展互访，加强政策沟通，规划维和合作，助推两国两军友好关系发展。2010年5月，首次中美维和事务磋商在北京举行。2015年4月，中国与越南两国国防部长在北京签署两国国防部维和领域合作备忘录;同年，中国同巴西、俄罗斯、印度、南非首次举行金砖国家维和事务磋商。2017年2月，首次中英维和事务磋商在英国举行。2018年4月，联合国军事参谋团的俄、法、英、美军事代表访华，同中方就维和行动进行广泛交流;5月，中国与巴基斯坦签署维和行动政策合作议定书;10月，德国国防部长参访中国国防部维和事务中心培训基地，中国国防部维和代表团参访德国国防军联合国中心。

　　China’s armed forces are committed to strengthening bilateral and multilateral communication for better understanding and mutual trust. They have carried out active peacekeeping cooperation with the militaries of countries including Russia, Pakistan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, France, Germany, the UK, and the US. Through reciprocal visits, China’s armed forces and their foreign counterparts have strengthened communication on policies, made cooperation plans, and advanced friendly state-to-state and military-to-military relations. In May 2010, the first China-US consultation on the UNPKOs was held in Beijing. In April 2015, the defense ministers of China and Vietnam signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on peacekeeping cooperation between the two ministries in Beijing. That same year, China conducted the first BRICS consultation on the UNPKOs with Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa. In February 2017, the first China-UK dialogue on peacekeeping operations was held in the UK. In April 2018, military advisers of Russia, France, the UK and the US to the UN Military Staff Committee visited China and exchanged extensive views on the UNPKOs with the Chinese side. In May, the defense ministries of China and Pakistan signed a protocol on policy collaboration with regard to the UNPKOs. In October, the German defense minister visited the Training Base of the Peacekeeping Affairs Center of the Chinese Ministry of National Defense (MND), and a peacekeeping delegation from the Chinese MND visited the German Armed Forces United Nations Training Centre.

　　(二)分享经验做法，贡献中国智慧

　　2. Contributing Chinese Wisdom and Sharing Experience

　　相互学习借鉴，开展经验交流，是改进联合国维和行动的有效方式。中国军队积极开展维和领域国际交流，派出维和专业团组访问阿根廷、芬兰、德国等国军队维和培训机构。180余次接待各国和联合国、非盟等国际组织代表团参观访问。举办“中英维和研讨会”“21世纪和平行动面临的挑战国际研讨会”“中国-东盟维和研讨会”“2009北京国际维和研讨会”等10多项大型维和国际研讨活动。在马里、苏丹、南苏丹、刚果(金)、利比里亚、黎巴嫩的中国维和部队与法国、塞内加尔、西班牙等国维和部队交流分享经验做法。

　　Sharing experience and learning from each other is an effective approach to improving the UNPKOs. China’s armed forces have actively conducted international exchanges on peacekeeping. The PLA sent delegations to visit the peacekeeping training facilities of countries including Argentina, Finland and Germany, and received more than 180 visits from other countries and international organizations including the UN and the AU. China has hosted over ten international events on peacekeeping, including the Sino-UK Seminar on Peacekeeping Operations, the International Seminar on Challenges of Peace Operations – Into the 21st Century, the China-ASEAN Seminar on Peacekeeping Operations, and the 2009 Beijing International Symposium on UN Peacekeeping Operations. Meanwhile, Chinese peacekeeping troops in Mali, Sudan, South Sudan, the DRC, Liberia, and Lebanon have exchanged experience with their counterparts from France, Senegal and Spain.

　　中国军队广泛参与联合国维和专题审议和政策制定，为维和行动发展贡献智慧。积极参加联大维和特委会、出兵国自携装备会议，邀请联合国维和行动高级别评审专家组、安理会代表团访华，就联合国维和行动改革、提高维和行动效能、保障维和人员安全等建言献策;组织《联合国维和工兵分队手册》《联合国维和军事情报手册》等专家编审国际会议，派专家参加联合国维和步兵、警卫、航空、运输、卫勤、军民合作等指导手册编写修订。

　　China’s armed forces have participated extensively in UN peacekeeping consultations and policy-making, and provided input on the UNPKOs. They have played a dynamic role in the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations of the UN General Assembly and the TCC Contingent-Owned Equipment (COE) Working Group, invited officials from the UN High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations and the UN Security Council to China, and offered suggestions on reforming UN peacekeeping, raising its effectiveness, and ensuring the safety and security of peacekeepers. Expert meetings have been hosted by China to draft and review documents including the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Engineer Unit Manual and the Military Peacekeeping-Intelligence Handbook, and Chinese experts have been sent to participate in updating the manuals of UN peacekeeping infantry, force protection, aviation, transport, medical support units and civil-military cooperation.

　　(三)深化联演联训，共同提升能力

　　3. Extending Cooperation on Joint Exercises and Training to Build Capability

　　开展维和领域联演联训，是提升遂行联合国维和行动任务能力，培养储备维和人才的重要举措。中国军队通过多种形式，与联合国、有关国家和地区组织开展维和演训活动，相互借鉴，共同提高。2009年6月至7月，中国与蒙古国在北京举办“维和使命-2009”联合训练;2014年2月，派员赴菲律宾参加东盟10+8多国维和桌面推演;2015年至2019年，每年派实兵赴蒙古国参加“可汗探索”多国维和演习;2016年3月、2019年9月，分别派实兵赴印度、印尼参加东盟10+8维和与人道主义扫雷行动联合演习;2016年5月、2018年5月，两次派员赴泰国参加多国维和桌面推演;2018年4月派员赴巴西参加“维京”多国模拟指挥所推演。