政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的北极政策》

　　To participate in the governance of the Arctic, China will participate in regulating and managing the affairs and activities relating to the Arctic on the basis of rules and mechanisms. Internationally, China is committed to the existing framework of international law including the UN Charter, UNCLOS, treaties on climate change and the environment, and relevant rules of the International Maritime Organization, and to addressing various traditional and non-traditional security threats through global, regional, multilateral and bilateral mechanisms, and to building and maintaining a just, reasonable and well-organized Arctic governance system. Domestically, China will regulate and manage Arctic-related affairs and activities within its jurisdiction in accordance with the law, steadily enhance its ability to understand, protect and develop the Arctic, and actively participate in international cooperation in Arctic affairs.

　　通过认识北极、保护北极、利用北极和参与治理北极，中国致力于同各国一道，在北极领域推动构建人类命运共同体。中国在追求本国利益时，将顾及他国利益和国际社会整体利益，兼顾北极保护与发展，平衡北极当前利益与长远利益，以推动北极的可持续发展。

　　Through all the above efforts to understand, protect, develop and participate in the governance of the Arctic, China will work with all other countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind in the Arctic region. While pursuing its own interests, China will pay due regard to the interests of other countries and the broader international community, bear in mind the importance of the protection and development of the Arctic, and of keeping in proper balance its current and long-term interests, so as to promote the sustainable development of the Arctic.

　　为了实现上述政策目标，中国本着“尊重、合作、共赢、可持续”的基本原则参与北极事务。

　　In order to realize the above-mentioned policy goals, China will participate in Arctic affairs in accordance with the basic principles of “respect, cooperation, win-win result and sustainability”.

　　尊重是中国参与北极事务的重要基础。尊重就是要相互尊重，包括各国都应遵循《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法，尊重北极国家在北极享有的主权、主权权利和管辖权，尊重北极土著人的传统和文化，也包括尊重北极域外国家依法在北极开展活动的权利和自由，尊重国际社会在北极的整体利益。

　　“Respect” is the key basis for China’s participation in Arctic affairs. Respect should be reciprocal. It means all States should abide by international treaties such as the UN Charter and the UNCLOS, as well as general international law. They should respect the sovereignty, sovereign rights, and jurisdiction enjoyed by the Arctic States in this region, respect the tradition and culture of the indigenous peoples, as well as respect the rights and freedom of non-Arctic States to carry out activities in this region in accordance with the law, and respect the overall interests of the international community in the Arctic.

　　合作是中国参与北极事务的有效途径。合作就是要在北极建立多层次、全方位、宽领域的合作关系。通过全球、区域、多边和双边等多层次的合作形式，推动北极域内外国家、政府间国际组织、非国家实体等众多利益攸关方共同参与，在气候变化、科研、环保、航道、资源、人文等领域进行全方位的合作。

　　“Cooperation” is an effective means for China’s participation in Arctic affairs. It means establishing a relationship of multi-level, omni-dimensional and wide-ranging cooperation in this area. Through global, regional, multilateral and bilateral channels, all stakeholders – including States from both inside and outside the Arctic, intergovernmental organizations, and non-state entities – are encouraged to take part in cooperation on climate change, scientific research, environmental protection, shipping route development, resource utilization and cultural activities.

　　共赢是中国参与北极事务的价值追求。共赢就是要在北极事务各利益攸关方之间追求互利互惠，以及在各活动领域之间追求和谐共进。不仅要实现各参与方之间的共赢，确保北极国家、域外国家和非国家实体的普惠，并顾及北极居民和土著人群体的利益，而且要实现北极各领域活动的协调发展，确保北极的自然保护和社会发展相统一。

　　“Win-win result” is the value pursuit of China’s participation in Arctic affairs. It means all stakeholders in this area should pursue mutual benefit and common progress in all fields of activities. Such cooperation should ensure that the benefits are shared by both Arctic and non-Arctic States as well as by non-state entities, and should accommodate the interests of local residents including the indigenous peoples. It should also help to promote coordinated development of activities in all fields to ensure the harmony between natural conservation and social development.

　　可持续是中国参与北极事务的根本目标。可持续就是要在北极推动环境保护、资源开发利用和人类活动的可持续性，致力于北极的永续发展。实现北极人与自然的和谐共存，实现生态环境保护与经济社会发展的有机协调，实现开发利用与管理保护的平衡兼顾，实现当代人利益与后代人利益的代际公平。

　　“Sustainability” is the fundamental goal of China’s participation in Arctic affairs. This means promoting the sustainable development of the Arctic by ensuring the sustainability of environmental protection, resource utilization and human activities in the area. It means realizing harmonious coexistence between man and nature, better coordination between ecological protection, economic growth and social progress, better balance between utilization, management and protection, and intergenerational equity.

　　四、中国参与北极事务的主要政策主张

　　IV. China’s Policies and Positions on Participating in Arctic Affairs

　　中国参与北极事务坚持科研先导，强调保护环境、主张合理利用、倡导依法治理和国际合作，并致力于维护和平、安全、稳定的北极秩序。

　　When participating in Arctic affairs, China prioritizes scientific research, underscores the importance of environmental protection, rational utilization, law-based governance and international cooperation, and commits itself to maintaining a peaceful, secure and stable Arctic order.

　　(一)不断深化对北极的探索和认知

　　Deepening the exploration and understanding of the Arctic

　　北极具有重要的科研价值。探索和认知北极是中国北极活动的优先方向和重点领域。

　　The Arctic holds great value for scientific research. To explore and understand the Arctic serves as the priority and focus for China in its Arctic activities.

　　中国积极推动北极科学考察和研究。中国尊重北极国家对其国家管辖范围内北极科考活动的专属管辖权，主张通过合作依法在北极国家管辖区域内开展北极科考活动，坚持各国在北冰洋公海享有科研自由。中国积极开展北极地质、地理、冰雪、水文、气象、海冰、生物、生态、地球物理、海洋化学等领域的多学科科学考察;积极参与北极气候与环境变化的监测和评估，通过建立北极多要素协同观测体系，合作建设科学考察或观测站、建设和参与北极观测网络，对大气、海洋、海冰、冰川、土壤、生物生态、环境质量等要素进行多层次和多领域的连续观测。中国致力于提高北极科学考察和研究的能力建设，加强北极科考站点和科考船只等保障平台的建设与维护并提升其功能，推进极地科学考察破冰船的建造工作等。

　　China actively promotes scientific expedition and research in the Arctic. China respects the Arctic States’ exclusive jurisdiction over research activities under their national jurisdiction, maintains that scientific research in areas under the jurisdiction of Arctic States should be carried out through cooperation in accordance with the law, and stresses that all States have the freedom of scientific research on the high seas of the Arctic Ocean. China is actively involved in multi-disciplinary research including Arctic geology, geography, ice and snow, hydrology, meteorology, sea ice, biology, ecology, geophysics and marine chemistry. It actively participates in monitoring and assessing local climatic and environmental changes, and carries out multi-level and multi-domain continuous observation of atmosphere, sea, sea ice, glaciers, soil, bio-ecological character and environmental quality through the establishment of multi-element Arctic observation system, construction of cooperative research (observation) stations, and development of and participation in the Arctic observation network. China is committed to improving its capacity in Arctic expedition and research, strengthening the construction, maintenance and functions of research stations, vessels and other supporting platforms in the Arctic, and promoting the building of icebreakers for scientific purposes.

　　中国支持和鼓励北极科研活动，不断加大北极科研投入的力度，支持构建现代化的北极科研平台，努力提高北极科研能力和水平。大力开展北极自然科学研究，加强北极气候变化和生态环境研究，进一步推动物理、化学、生命、地球等基础学科的发展。不断加强北极社会科学研究，包括北极政治、经济、法律、社会、历史、文化以及北极活动管理等方面，促进北极自然科学和社会科学研究的协同创新。加强北极人才培养和科普教育，支持高校和科研机构培养北极自然和社会科学领域的专业人才，建立北极科普教育基地，出版北极相关文化产品，提高公民的北极意识。积极推进北极科研国际合作，推动建立开放包容的国际北极环境监测网络，支持通过国际北极科学委员会等平台开展务实合作，鼓励中国科学家开展北极国际学术交流与合作，推动中国高校和科研机构加盟“北极大学”协作网络。

　　China supports and encourages research activities in the Arctic by constantly increasing investment in scientific research, building modernized research platforms, and improving the capacity in, and level of, research on the Arctic. It is making a greater effort to advance research in the fields of natural science, climate change and ecological environment, accelerate the development of basic subjects such as physics, chemistry, life science and earth science, strengthen social science research including Arctic politics, economy, law, society, history, culture and management of Arctic activities, and promote innovation in both natural and social sciences. It is also working to strengthen personnel training and public awareness of the Arctic, support higher learning and research institutions to train professionals specialized in natural and social sciences on the Arctic, build science popularization and education centers, and publish cultural products on the Arctic to improve public knowledge. It actively promotes international cooperation on Arctic research, pushes for an open and inclusive international monitoring network of the Arctic environment, supports pragmatic cooperation through platforms such as the International Arctic Science Committee, encourages Chinese scientists to carry out international academic exchanges and cooperation on the Arctic, and encourages Chinese higher learning and research institutions to join the network of the University of the Arctic.

　　技术装备是认知、利用和保护北极的基础。中国鼓励发展注重生态环境保护的极地技术装备，积极参与北极开发的基础设施建设，推动深海远洋考察、冰区勘探、大气和生物观测等领域的装备升级，促进在北极海域石油与天然气钻采、可再生能源开发、冰区航行和监测以及新型冰级船舶建造等方面的技术创新。

　　The availability of technical equipment is essential to understanding, utilizing and protecting the Arctic. China encourages the development of environment-friendly polar technical equipment, actively participates in the building of infrastructure for Arctic development, pushes for the upgrade of equipment in the fields of deep sea exploration, ice zone prospecting, and atmosphere and biology observation, and promotes technology innovation in Arctic oil and gas drilling and exploitation, renewable energy development, navigation and monitoring in ice zones, and construction of new-type icebreakers.

　　(二)保护北极生态环境和应对气候变化

　　Protecting the eco-environment of the Arctic and addressing climate change

　　中国坚持依据国际法保护北极自然环境，保护北极生态系统，养护北极生物资源，积极参与应对北极环境和气候变化的挑战。

　　China follows international law in the protection of the natural environment and ecosystem of the Arctic and conservation of its biological resources, and takes an active part in addressing the challenges of environmental and climate change in the Arctic.

　　1.保护环境

　　(1) Protecting the Environment

　　中国始终把解决全球性环境问题放在首要地位，认真履行有关国际条约的义务，承担环境保护责任。中国积极参加北极环境治理，加强北极活动的环境影响研究和环境背景调查，尊重北极国家的相关环保法规，强化环境管理并推动环境合作。

　　China always gives top priority to resolving global environmental issues, earnestly fulfills its obligations under relevant treaties, and discharges its responsibility of environmental protection. China is actively engaged in improving the Arctic environment by enhancing the environmental background investigation of Arctic activities and the assessment of their environmental impact. It respects the environmental protection laws and regulations of the Arctic States and calls for stronger environmental management and cooperation.

　　海洋环境是北极环境保护的重点领域。中国支持北冰洋沿岸国依照国际条约减少北极海域陆源污染物的努力，致力于提高公民和企业的环境责任意识，与各国一道加强对船舶排放、海洋倾废、大气污染等各类海洋环境污染源的管控，切实保护北极海洋环境。

　　The marine environment is a key area for Arctic environmental protection. China supports the Arctic coastal States in their efforts to reduce pollutants in the Arctic waters from land-based sources, in accordance with the relevant treaties, and commits itself to raising the environmental responsibility awareness of its citizens and enterprises. In order to effectively protect the marine environment of the Arctic, China works with other States to enhance control of the sources of marine pollution such as ship discharge, offshore dumping, and air pollution.

　　2.保护生态

　　(2) Protecting the Eco-system

　　北极是全球多种濒危野生动植物的重要分布区域。中国重视北极可持续发展和生物多样性保护，开展全球变化与人类活动对北极生态系统影响的科学评估，加强对北极候鸟及其栖息地的保护，开展北极候鸟迁徙规律研究，提升北极生态系统的适应能力和自我恢复能力，推进在北极物种保护方面的国际合作。

　　The Arctic is home to several endangered species of wild fauna and flora from around the globe. China attaches importance to the sustainable development and biodiversity protection of the Arctic. It conducts scientific evaluation of the impact on the Arctic ecological system caused by global climate change and human activities, strengthens protection of migratory birds and their habitats, organizes research on the migration patterns of Arctic migratory birds, improves the adaptability and resilience of the Arctic ecological system, and advances international cooperation in the protection of Arctic species of fauna and flora.

　　3.应对气候变化

　　(3) Addressing climate change

　　应对北极气候变化是全球气候治理的重要环节。中国一贯高度重视气候变化问题，已将落实“国家自主贡献”等应对气候变化的措施列入国家整体发展议程和规划，为《巴黎协定》的缔结发挥了重要作用。中国的减排措施对北极的气候生态环境具有积极影响。中国致力于研究北极物质能量交换过程及其机理，评估北极与全球气候变化的相互作用，预测未来气候变化对北极自然资源和生态环境的潜在风险，推动北极冰冻圈科学的发展。加强应对气候变化的宣传、教育，提高公众对气候变化问题的认知水平，促进应对北极气候变化的国际合作。