政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的北极政策》

　　Addressing climate change in the Arctic is an important part of global climate governance. China consistently takes the issue of climate change seriously. It has included measures to deal with climate change such as Nationally Determined Contributions in its overall national development agenda and planning, and has made significant contributions to the conclusion of the Paris Agreement. China’s emission reduction measures have a positive impact on the climatic and ecological environment of the Arctic. China is committed to studying the substance and energy exchange process and mechanisms of the Arctic, evaluating the interaction between the Arctic and global climate change, predicting potential risks posed by future climate change to the Arctic’s natural resources and ecological environment, and advancing Arctic cryospheric sciences. It strengthens publicity and education on addressing climate change to raise the public’s awareness of the issue, and promotes international cooperation in addressing climate change in the Arctic.

　　(三)依法合理利用北极资源

　　Utilizing Arctic Resources in a Lawful and Rational Manner

　　北极资源丰富，但生态环境脆弱。中国倡导保护和合理利用北极，鼓励企业利用自身的资金、技术和国内市场优势，通过国际合作开发利用北极资源。中国一贯主张，开发利用北极的活动应遵循《联合国海洋法公约》《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》等国际条约和一般国际法，尊重北极国家的相关法律，并在保护北极生态环境、尊重北极土著人的利益和关切的前提下，以可持续的方式进行。

　　The Arctic has abundant resources, but a fragile ecosystem. China advocates protection and rational use of the region and encourages its enterprises to engage in international cooperation on the exploration for and utilization of Arctic resources by making the best use of their advantages in capital, technology and domestic market. China maintains that all activities to explore and utilize the Arctic should abide by treaties such as the UNCLOS and the Spitsbergen Treaty as well as general international law, respect the laws of the Arctic States, and proceed in a sustainable way on the condition of properly protecting the eco-environment of the Arctic and respecting the interests and concerns of the indigenous peoples in the region.

　　1.参与北极航道开发利用

　　(1) China’s participation in the development of Arctic shipping routes

　　北极航道包括东北航道、西北航道和中央航道。全球变暖使北极航道有望成为国际贸易的重要运输干线。中国尊重北极国家依法对其国家管辖范围内海域行使立法权、执法权和司法权，主张根据《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法管理北极航道，保障各国依法享有的航行自由以及利用北极航道的权利。中国主张有关国家应依据国际法妥善解决北极航道有关争议。

　　The Arctic shipping routes comprise the Northeast Passage, Northwest Passage, and the Central Passage. As a result of global warming, the Arctic shipping routes are likely to become important transport routes for international trade. China respects the legislative, enforcement and adjudicatory powers of the Arctic States in the waters subject to their jurisdiction. China maintains that the management of the Arctic shipping routes should be conducted in accordance with treaties including the UNCLOS and general international law and that the freedom of navigation enjoyed by all countries in accordance with the law and their rights to use the Arctic shipping routes should be ensured. China maintains that disputes over the Arctic shipping routes should be properly settled in accordance with international law.

　　中国愿依托北极航道的开发利用，与各方共建“冰上丝绸之路”。中国鼓励企业参与北极航道基础设施建设，依法开展商业试航，稳步推进北极航道的商业化利用和常态化运行。中国重视北极航道的航行安全，积极开展北极航道研究，不断加强航运水文调查，提高北极航行、安全和后勤保障能力。切实遵守《极地水域船舶航行安全规则》，支持国际海事组织在北极航运规则制定方面发挥积极作用。主张在北极航道基础设施建设和运营方面加强国际合作。

　　China hopes to work with all parties to build a “Polar Silk Road” through developing the Arctic shipping routes. It encourages its enterprises to participate in the infrastructure construction for these routes and conduct commercial trial voyages in accordance with the law to pave the way for their commercial and regularized operation. China attaches great importance to navigation security in the Arctic shipping routes. It has actively conducted studies on these routes and continuously strengthened hydrographic surveys with the aim to improving the navigation, security and logistical capacities in the Arctic. China abides by the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), and supports the International Maritime Organization in playing an active role in formulating navigational rules for the Arctic. China calls for stronger international cooperation on infrastructure construction and operation of the Arctic routes.

　　2.参与油气和矿产等非生物资源的开发利用

　　(2) Participating in the exploration for and exploitation of oil, gas, mineral and other non-living resources

　　中国尊重北极国家根据国际法对其国家管辖范围内油气和矿产资源享有的主权权利，尊重北极地区居民的利益和关切，要求企业遵守相关国家的法律并开展资源开发风险评估，支持企业通过各种合作形式，在保护北极生态环境的前提下参与北极油气和矿产资源开发。

　　China respects the sovereign rights of Arctic States over oil, gas and mineral resources in the areas subject to their jurisdiction in accordance with international law, and respects the interests and concerns of residents in the region. It requires its enterprises to observe the laws of the relevant States and conduct risk assessments for resource exploration, and encourages them to participate in the exploitation of oil, gas and mineral resources in the Arctic, through cooperation in various forms and on the condition of properly protecting the eco-environment of the Arctic.

　　北极富含地热、风能等清洁能源。中国致力于加强与北极国家的清洁能源合作，推动与北极国家在清洁能源开发的技术、人才和经验方面开展交流，探索清洁能源的供应和替代利用，实现低碳发展。

　　The Arctic region boasts an abundance of geothermal, wind, and other clean energy resources. China will work with the Arctic States to strengthen clean energy cooperation, increase exchanges in respect of technology, personnel and experience in this field, explore the supply of clean energy and energy substitution, and pursue low-carbon development.

　　3.参与渔业等生物资源的养护和利用

　　(3) Participating in conservation and utilization of fisheries and other living resources

　　鱼类资源受气候变化等因素影响出现向北迁移趋势，北冰洋未来可能成为新渔场。中国在北冰洋公海渔业问题上一贯坚持科学养护、合理利用的立场，主张各国依法享有在北冰洋公海从事渔业资源研究和开发利用活动的权利，同时承担养护渔业资源和保护生态系统的义务。

　　As fish stocks have shown a tendency to move northwards due to climate change and other factors, the Arctic has the potential to become a new fishing ground in the future. As regards fishing in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean, China has consistently held a firm stance in favor of conservation in a scientific manner and of rational use, and maintains that, while enjoying their lawful right to conduct fisheries research and development in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean, all States should fulfill their obligations to conserve the fishery resources and the ecosystem in the region.

　　中国支持就北冰洋公海渔业管理制定有法律拘束力的国际协定，支持基于《联合国海洋法公约》建立北冰洋公海渔业管理组织或出台有关制度安排。中国致力于加强对北冰洋公海渔业资源的调查与研究，适时开展探捕活动，建设性地参与北冰洋公海渔业治理。中国愿加强与北冰洋沿岸国合作研究、养护和开发渔业资源。中国坚持保护北极生物多样性，倡导透明合理地勘探和使用北极遗传资源，公平公正地分享和利用遗传资源产生的惠益。

　　China supports efforts to formulate a legally binding international agreement on the management of fisheries in the high seas portion of the Arctic Ocean. China also supports the establishment of an Arctic fisheries management organization or making other institutional arrangements based on the UNCLOS. China will strengthen survey on and research into the fishery resources in the high seas in the Arctic, carry out appropriate exploratory fishing, and play a constructive part in the management of fisheries in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean. China hopes to strengthen cooperation with the Arctic coastal States on the research, conservation, and utilization of fishery resources. China is committed to properly protecting Arctic biodiversity and advocates transparent and reasonable exploration and utilization of Arctic genetic resources, and fair and equitable sharing and use of the benefits generated by the exploitation of such resources.

　　4.参与旅游资源开发

　　(4) Participating in developing tourism resources

　　北极旅游是新兴的北极活动，中国是北极游客的来源国之一。中国支持和鼓励企业与北极国家合作开发北极旅游资源，主张不断完善北极旅游安全、保险保障和救援保障体系，切实保障各国游客的安全。坚持对北极旅游从业机构与人员进行培训和监管，致力于提高中国游客的北极环保意识，积极倡导北极的低碳旅游、生态旅游和负责任旅游，推动北极旅游业可持续发展。

　　Arctic tourism is an emerging industry, and China is a source of tourists to the Arctic. China supports and encourages its enterprises to cooperate with Arctic States in developing tourism in the region, and calls for continuous efforts to enhance security, insurance, and rescue systems to ensure the safety of tourists in the Arctic. China conducts training for and regulates Chinese tourism agencies and professionals involved in Arctic tourism, and endeavors to raise the environmental awareness of Chinese tourists. China advocates low-carbon tourism, ecotourism, and responsible tourism, and hopes to contribute to the sustainable development of Arctic tourism.

　　中国坚持在尊重北极地区居民和土著人的传统和文化，保护其独特的生活方式和价值观，以及尊重北极国家为加强北极地区居民能力建设、促进经济社会发展、提高教育和医疗水平所作努力的前提下，参与北极资源开发利用，使北极地区居民和土著人成为北极开发的真正受益者。

　　China takes part in the development and utilization of Arctic resources on the condition of respecting the traditions and cultures of the Arctic residents including the indigenous peoples, preserving their unique lifestyles and values, and respecting the efforts made by the Arctic States to empower the local citizens, foster their social and economic progress, and improve education and medical services, so that the Arctic residents, including the indigenous peoples, will truly benefit from the development of Arctic resources.

　　(四)积极参与北极治理和国际合作

　　Participating Actively in Arctic governance and international cooperation

　　中国主张构建和完善北极治理机制。坚持依法规范、管理和监督中国公民、法人或者其他组织的北极活动，努力确保相关活动符合国际法并尊重有关国家在环境保护、资源养护和可持续利用方面的国内法，切实加强中国北极对外政策和事务的统筹协调。在此基础上，中国积极参与北极国际治理，坚持维护以《联合国宪章》和《联合国海洋法公约》为核心的现行北极国际治理体系，努力在北极国际规则的制定、解释、适用和发展中发挥建设性作用，维护各国和国际社会的共同利益。

　　China is committed to improving and complementing the Arctic governance regime. China has worked to regulate and supervise the activities of Chinese citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the Arctic in accordance with the law to ensure that their activities accord with international law and respect the relevant national laws on environmental protection, resource conservation, and sustainable development. And it has endeavored to strengthen overall coordination of its Arctic policy and related affairs. Furthermore, China takes an active part in the international governance of the Arctic. China upholds the current Arctic governance system with the UN Charter and the UNCLOS as its core, plays a constructive part in the making, interpretation, application and development of international rules regarding the Arctic, and safeguards the common interests of all nations and the international community.

　　中国主张稳步推进北极国际合作。加强共建“一带一路”倡议框架下关于北极领域的国际合作，坚持共商、共建、共享原则，重点开展以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通为主要内容的务实合作，包括加强与北极国家发展战略对接、积极推动共建经北冰洋连接欧洲的蓝色经济通道、积极促进北极数字互联互通和逐步构建国际性基础设施网络等。中方愿与各方以北极为纽带增进共同福祉、发展共同利益。