政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的北极政策》

　　China stands for steadily advancing international cooperation on the Arctic. It has worked to strengthen such cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative according to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits and emphasized policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and closer people-to-people ties. Concrete cooperation steps include coordinating development strategies with the Arctic States, encouraging joint efforts to build a blue economic passage linking China and Europe via the Arctic Ocean, enhancing Arctic digital connectivity, and building a global infrastructure network. China hopes to work for the common good of all parties and further common interests through the Arctic.

　　在全球层面，中国积极参与全球环境、气候变化、国际海事、公海渔业管理等领域的规则制定，依法全面履行相关国际义务。中国不断加强与各国和国际组织的环保合作，大力推进节能减排和绿色低碳发展，积极推动全球应对气候变化进程与合作，坚持公平、共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力原则，推动发达国家履行在《联合国气候变化框架公约》《京都议定书》《巴黎协定》中作出的承诺，为发展中国家应对气候变化提供支持。中国建设性地参与国际海事组织事务，积极履行保障海上航行安全、防止船舶对海洋环境造成污染等国际责任。中国主张加强国际海事技术合作，在国际海事组织框架内寻求全球协调一致的海运温室气体减排解决方案。中国积极参与北冰洋公海渔业管理问题相关谈判，主张通过制定有法律拘束力的国际协定管理北冰洋公海渔业资源，允许在北冰洋公海开展渔业科学研究和探捕活动，各国依据国际法享有的公海自由不受影响。

　　At the global level, China actively participates in the formulation of rules concerning the global environment, climate change, international maritime issues, and high seas fisheries management, and fulfills all its international obligations in accordance with the law. China expands cooperation with various States and international organizations in environmental protection, and promotes energy conservation, emissions reduction, and low-carbon development. China also promotes global cooperation in tackling climate change, and upholds the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities. It urges developed countries to fulfill their commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, and provides support to fellow developing countries in addressing climate change. China plays a constructive role in the work of the International Maritime Organization, and makes solid efforts to fulfill its international responsibilities for ensuring maritime navigational security and preventing its ships from polluting the maritime environment. China advocates stronger international cooperation in maritime technology and a globally coordinated solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport under the International Maritime Organization framework. China takes an active part in negotiations over high seas fisheries regulation in the Arctic, and calls for a legally binding international agreement for managing fishery resources in the high seas portion of the Arctic. The agreement should allow scientific research and exploratory fishing activities in the high seas portion of the Arctic, and protect the freedom of all States on the high seas in accordance with international law.

　　在区域层面，中国积极参与政府间北极区域性机制。中国是北极理事会正式观察员，高度重视北极理事会在北极事务中发挥的积极作用，认可北极理事会是关于北极环境与可持续发展等问题的主要政府间论坛。中国信守申请成为北极理事会观察员时所作各项承诺，全力支持北极理事会工作，委派专家参与北极理事会及其工作组和特别任务组的活动，尊重北极理事会通过的《北极海空搜救合作协定》《北极海洋油污预防与反应合作协定》《加强北极国际科学合作协定》。中国支持通过北极科技部长会议等平台开展国际合作。

　　At the regional level, China takes an active part in Arctic inter-governmental mechanisms. China, as an accredited observer to the Arctic Council, highly values the Council’s positive role in Arctic affairs, and recognizes it as the main inter-governmental forum on issues regarding the environment and sustainable development of the Arctic. China stands by the commitments it made when applying to become an observer to the Council. It fully supports the work of the Council, and dispatches experts to participate in the work of the Council including its Working Groups and Task Forces. China respects the Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic, the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic, and the Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation, all adopted by the Arctic Council. China also supports international cooperation through such platforms as the Arctic Science Ministerial Meeting.

　　在多边和双边层面，中国积极推动在北极各领域的务实合作，特别是大力开展在气候变化、科考、环保、生态、航道和资源开发、海底光缆建设、人文交流和人才培养等领域的沟通与合作。中国主张在北极国家与域外国家之间建立合作伙伴关系，已与所有北极国家开展北极事务双边磋商。2010年，中美建立了海洋法和极地事务年度对话机制。自2013年起，中俄持续举行北极事务对话。2012年，中国与冰岛签署《中华人民共和国政府与冰岛共和国政府关于北极合作的框架协议》，这是中国与北极国家缔结的首份北极领域专门协议。中国重视发展与其他北极域外国家之间的合作，已同英国、法国开展双边海洋法和极地事务对话。2016年，中国、日本、韩国启动北极事务高级别对话，推动三国在加强北极国际合作、开展科学研究和探索商业合作等方面交流分享相关政策、实践和经验。

　　At the bilateral and multilateral levels, China promotes practical cooperation in all fields, especially regarding climate change, scientific expeditions, environmental protection, ecosystems, shipping routes, resource development, submarine fiber-optic cables, cultural exchanges, and capacity building. China proposes to form cooperative partnerships between Arctic and non-Arctic States, and has carried out bilateral consultations on Arctic affairs with all Arctic States. In 2010, China and the United States set up an annual dialogue mechanism for bilateral dialogues on the law of the sea and polar issues. Since 2013, China and Russia have been conducting dialogues on Arctic issues. In 2012, China and Iceland signed the Framework Agreement on Arctic Cooperation, which was the first inter-governmental agreement on Arctic issues between China and an Arctic State. China also values cooperation with other non-Arctic States. It has conducted bilateral dialogues on the law of the sea and polar issues with the United Kingdom and France. In 2016, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea launched high-level trilateral dialogues on Arctic issues to promote exchanges on policies, practices, and experience regarding Arctic international cooperation, scientific research, and commercial cooperation.

　　中国支持各利益攸关方共同参与北极治理和国际合作。支持“北极-对话区域”、北极圈论坛、“北极前沿”、中国-北欧北极研究中心等平台在促进各利益攸关方交流合作方面发挥作用。支持科研机构和企业发挥自身优势参与北极治理，鼓励科研机构与外国智库、学术机构开展交流和对话，支持企业依法有序参与北极商业开发和利用。

　　China supports the participation of all Arctic stakeholders in Arctic governance and international cooperation. China supports platforms such as “The Arctic: Territory of Dialogue”, “The Arctic Circle”, “Arctic Frontiers”, “The China-Nordic Arctic Research Center”, in promoting exchanges and cooperation among the stakeholders. China also supports the participation of research institutions and enterprises in Arctic governance with their own expertise put to good use. China encourages research institutions to communicate with foreign think tanks and academic institutions, and supports enterprises to participate in the commercial development and utilization of the Arctic in a lawful and orderly manner.

　　(五)促进北极和平与稳定

　　Promoting peace and stability in the Arctic

　　北极的和平与稳定是各国开展各类北极活动的重要保障，符合包括中国在内的世界各国的根本利益。中国主张和平利用北极，致力于维护和促进北极的和平与稳定，保护北极地区人员和财产安全，保障海上贸易、海上作业和运输安全。中国支持有关各方依据《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法，通过和平方式解决涉北极领土和海洋权益争议，支持有关各方维护北极安全稳定的努力。中国致力于加强与北极国家在海空搜救、海上预警、应急反应、情报交流等方面的国际合作，妥善应对海上事故、环境污染、海上犯罪等安全挑战。

　　Peace and stability in the Arctic provides a significant guarantee for all activities in the region, and serves the fundamental interest of all countries including China. China calls for the peaceful utilization of the Arctic and commits itself to maintaining peace and stability, protecting lives and property, and ensuring the security of maritime trade, operations and transport in the region. China supports the peaceful settlement of disputes over territory and maritime rights and interests by all parties concerned in accordance with such treaties as the UN Charter and the UNCLOS and general international law, and supports efforts to safeguard security and stability in the region. China strives to reinforce cooperation with the Arctic States in maritime and air search and rescue, maritime early warning, emergency response, and information sharing in order to properly handle security challenges such as maritime accidents, environmental pollution, and maritime crimes.

　　结束语

　　Conclusion

　　北极的未来关乎北极国家的利益，关乎北极域外国家和全人类的福祉，北极治理需要各利益攸关方的参与和贡献。作为负责任的大国，中国愿本着“尊重、合作、共赢、可持续”的基本原则，与有关各方一道，抓住北极发展的历史性机遇，积极应对北极变化带来的挑战，共同认识北极、保护北极、利用北极和参与治理北极，积极推动共建“一带一路”倡议涉北极合作，积极推动构建人类命运共同体，为北极的和平稳定和可持续发展作出贡献。

　　The future of the Arctic concerns the interests of the Arctic States, the wellbeing of non-Arctic States and that of the humanity as a whole. The governance of the Arctic requires the participation and contribution of all stakeholders. On the basis of the principles of “respect, cooperation, win-win result and sustainability”, China, as a responsible major country, is ready to cooperate with all relevant parties to seize the historic opportunity in the development of the Arctic, to address the challenges brought by the changes in the region, jointly understand, protect, develop and participate in the governance of the Arctic, and advance Arctic-related cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, so as to build a community with a shared future for mankind and contribute to peace, stability and sustainable development in the Arctic.

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