政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国交通运输发展》

　　Facilitating the coordinated development between regions and between urban and rural areas. The Chinese government gives priority to the development of transport and enables the transport industry to play a pioneering role in supporting the regional development of eastern, central, western and northeastern China and the Three Initiatives, in an effort to connect China’s developed, moderately developed and underdeveloped areas. China is building economic belts and urban agglomerations along the railway lines from Beijing to Shanghai and Guangzhou, along the coastline and the Yangtze River, near the ports in the Yangtze River and Pearl River deltas and along the Bohai Sea Rim, striving to make these areas the most economically viable and populous in the country. The growth of intercity highway transport and the development of intercity rails have facilitated the integrated development of urban agglomerations, and the integration of urban and rural transport is bringing the urban and rural areas closer economically.

　　(二)服务和改善民生

　　Serving the People and Improving Their Living Standards

　　服务群众安全便捷出行。推动“平安交通”建设，着力构建科学完善的交通运输安全体系，运输结构不断优化，服务水平不断提升，人民群众出行由“走得了”向“走得好”升级发展。“春运”等节假日综合运输服务保障能力显著提升。城市公交出行分担率稳步提高，舒适度不断提升。“互联网+交通运输”快速发展，提供实时交通运行状态查询、出行路线规划、线(网)上购票、智能停车等“一站式”服务。12328交通运输服务监督电话全面开通。

　　Providing transport services to the people and making their travel safe and convenient. China is striving to build a sound system to improve transport safety, upgrade the transport structure and improve transport services, in an effort to provide better services to people. The transport capacity and service during the Spring Festival (i.e., Chinese New Year) and other travel peaks have been significantly enhanced. In cities, the percentage of people taking public transit is on the rise, and comfort level of such transport means has been greatly enhanced. With the rapid growth of the “Internet + transport,” passengers can now check the real-time status of traffic, plan their trips ahead of time, purchase tickets online, and enjoy “smart” parking and other one-stop services. The transport service and complaints hotline 12328 has been put into use.

　　助力扶贫脱贫。进入21世纪以来，先后实施乡镇和建制村通达通畅工程、集中连片特困地区交通扶贫等10多个专项建设计划，加大对农村地区、贫困地区交通建设的支持力度。“十二五”期间，投入车购税资金超过5500亿元支持交通扶贫建设，集中连片特困地区83.8%的县城通二级及以上公路，86.2%的建制村实现通硬化路。提高贫困地区农村客运车辆通达率，逐步解决了溜索等特殊问题。

　　Supporting the poverty reduction and eradication effort. Entering the 21st century, China has initiated a dozen projects to connect townships, towns and administrative villages to the road grid, and built transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, with increased support for transport development in rural and impoverished areas. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, over RMB550 billion of vehicle purchase tax was allocated to support transport development in poor areas. In contiguous impoverished areas, 83.8 percent of county seats now have roads of Grade II or above, and 86.2 percent of administrative villages have tarmac and cement roads. More buses now operate on routes linking poverty-stricken areas, and ropeways are being replaced by bridges.

　　有效应对突发事件。交通运输应急体系在重大自然灾害、安全事故等突发事件应急救援中发挥重要作用。在汶川、玉树等地震灾害和南方雨雪冰冻灾害中，交通运输救援队伍第一时间抢通救灾“生命线”，为抢救生命赢得宝贵时间。海上搜救力量妥善完成多起海上重大突发事件应急处置工作，积极参与马航MH370失事客机搜寻等工作。2010年至2015年，组织协调海上搜救行动12411次，搜救遇险人员108464人，其中外籍人员8070人。

　　Effectively addressing emergencies. The transport emergency response system plays a key role in the rescue and relief work following natural disasters, accidents and similar contingencies. In the wake of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Yushu earthquake in 2010 and the devastating snowstorms in southern China in 2008, emergency transport response teams were among the first to arrive at the scene and open up “lifelines” for relief. China’s marine search and rescue teams have been engaged in rescue work connected with many emergencies at sea, and actively took part in the search for the Malaysian Airline flight MH370. In the period 2010-2015, China organized and coordinated 12,411 marine search and rescue missions, saving 108,464 lives, including 8,070 foreigners.

　　(三)促进生态文明建设

　　Enhancing Ecological Progress

　　促进节能减排。大力推进绿色交通建设，与2010年相比，2015年国家铁路单位运输工作量综合能耗下降6%，营运车辆单位运输周转量能耗下降6.5%，营运船舶单位运输周转量能耗下降10.5%，民航吨公里油耗下降近5%。实施“公交优先”战略，新能源和清洁能源运输工具不断增加，公共自行车系统快速兴起。在珠三角、长三角、环渤海(京津冀)水域设立了船舶排放控制区。长江干线、京杭运河、部分沿海地区开展水运行业应用液化天然气(LNG)试点示范，部分港口安装了码头油气回收装置，实施了船舶岸电工程。

　　Promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction. China has been vigorously promoting the green development of transport. Compared to the 2010 levels, in 2015, the comprehensive energy consumption per unit railway transport dropped by six percent, the energy consumption per unit transport turnover of operating vehicles and ships went down by 6.5 percent and 10.5 percent respectively, and the ton/km fuel consumption of civil aviation decreased by almost five percent. The strategy of “public transit priority” has been implemented, supported by growing new- and clean-energy means of transport and a rapidly developing public bicycle rental system. In the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas, and Bohai Sea Rim (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) area, restriction zones have been set up to curb emissions from ships. Along the arteries of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and in some coastal regions, pilot and demonstration projects of LNG use have been launched for water-borne transport, oil vapor recovery units installed at some ports and shore power provided to ships.

　　保护生态环境。在交通运输规划、设计、建设、运营等环节贯彻生态保护理念，逐步建设了一批示范性绿色铁路、公路、港口和航道，探索创新荒漠区、高寒区、围填海区域交通运输基础设施生态修复技术。“十二五”期间，完成交通运输基础设施生态修复总里程近1300公里，修复总面积超过5000万平方米。公路路面废旧料循环利用率达到40%。全国煤炭运输港口、重点矿石运输港口开展粉尘污染控制措施，沿海地区、长江干线布设了溢油应急设备库和配置点。高速铁路采用“以桥代路”，有效节约了耕地，减少了对沿线城镇的切割。

　　Protecting the ecological environment. China is promoting ecological conservation in the planning, designing, construction, and operation of transport projects, and has built a number of railways, highways, ports and sea routes for demonstration purposes. It is also experimenting with ecological restoration technologies in transport infrastructure in deserts, alpine regions, and reclamation areas. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, China restored the ecology along 1,300 km of transport lines, with a total area of 50 million sq m. The recycling rate of road-surface materials reached 40 percent. Measures have been adopted to control dust pollution at coal and other minerals transport ports, and equipment storages and installation venues have been set up in coastal areas and along the Yangtze River in case of oil spills. Instead of tracks laid on the ground, many of China’s high-speed trains run on elevated rails to spare farmlands and keep the towns along the routes intact.

　　四、对外开放与国际合作

　　IV. Opening up and International Cooperation

　　中国政府大力推进与国际间的互联互通，在扩大开放的同时，不断深化与世界合作，构建了全方位、多层次、多渠道的交通运输对外开放和国际合作新格局。

　　The Chinese government proactively enhances its connectivity with the world community, continuing to open up to and deepening its cooperation with the rest of the world. An all-dimensional, multi-layer and multi-channel framework has been formed in transport as regards opening up to the outside world and international cooperation.

　　(一)国际客货运输

　　International Passenger and Freight Transport

　　加强国际互联互通。截至2015年年底，中国与周边14个国家中的5个国家有铁路联通，有11个铁路口岸，开行多条通往欧洲和亚洲国家的中欧、中亚铁路集装箱班列，常年开通的边境公路口岸基本通二级及以上公路，一批具有国际物流功能的物流园区和货运场站建成运营。积极推动航运国际和区域合作，中老缅泰共同推进澜沧江—湄公河国际航运开发。民航利用代码共享、航空联盟、航线联营、股权合作等方式，优化国际航线网络，不断提升航班频次和通达性。2015年国际及港澳台快递业务量达4.3亿件，快递企业服务网络拓展至海外市场。加强与“一带一路”沿线国家合作，积极推动交通基础设施互联互通和运输便利化。2015年，通过各种交通运输方式出境旅游的人次达1.2亿。

　　Strengthening international connectivity. By the end of 2015, China had established railway connections with five of its 14 neighboring countries, with 11 railway crossing points. Multiple container trains operate on railways to Central Europe and Central Asia; highway crossing points in border areas, open around the year, are connected to roads at Grade II or above; and a group of logistics parks and cargo operation centers capable of handling international logistics have been put into use. China actively promotes international and regional cooperation in shipping, and is jointly pushing forward the navigation development of the Lancang-Mekong River with Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Through code-sharing, airline alliance, joint operation of air routes and equity cooperation, China’s civil aviation is striving to improve its international flight network, increase the number of flights and expand its operational scope. In 2015, Chinese express delivery services extended their networks overseas, with 430 million items of mail delivered to international destinations as well as to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. At the same time, China is strengthening cooperation with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, actively pushing forward the interconnectivity of transport infrastructure and enhancing transport convenience. In 2015, Chinese citizens made some 120 million trips overseas via various means of transport.

　　支撑对外贸易。中国是世界贸易大国，交通运输加快发展为中国加快构建全方位开放新格局、提升国家竞争力提供了重要保障。海上运输承担了90%以上的外贸货物运输量以及98%的进口铁矿石、91%的进口原油、92%的进口煤炭和99%的进口粮食运输量，成为加快发展外向型经济的重要支撑。中欧班列快速发展，已成为国际货物联运的重要组成部分。

　　Supporting foreign trade. China is a major trading nation, and the quickened development of its transport provides a strong basis for building a new multi-dimensional structure of opening up and for enhancing China’s competitiveness internationally. An important pillar for developing an export-oriented economy, China’s maritime transport carries 90 percent of the country’s foreign trade cargo, 98 percent of imported iron ore, 91 percent of imported crude oil, 92 percent of imported coal and 99 percent of imported grain. Trains between China and Europe have become an important component of international through freight traffic.

　　(二)国际交流合作与对外开放

　　International Exchanges and Cooperation and Opening up

　　积极参与国际事务。中国政府历来重视并积极参与交通运输国际组织事务，认真履行各项国际义务，在铁路合作组织、国际海事组织、国际民用航空组织和万国邮政联盟等重要交通运输国际组织中发挥着建设性作用。作为铁路合作组织创始国之一，中国在各项标准和规范制订中具有重要影响力;自1972年恢复在万国邮政联盟合法席位以来，一直连任邮政经营理事会理事国，并一直当选行政理事会理事国;自1989年起，已连续14次当选国际海事组织A类理事国;自2004年起，已连续5次担任国际民航组织一类理事国;推进多双边合作和区域合作，与100多个国家签订了铁路、公路、海运、民用航空和邮政政府间协定及双边、区域合作文件;建立了中国—东盟交通部长会议、上海合作组织交通部长会议等多个交通运输合作机制，倡议成立亚太经济合作组织港口服务组织。积极履行国际义务，支持其他发展中国家交通发展，为亚洲、非洲多个国家援建了一批交通工程。

　　Actively participating in international affairs. The Chinese government has always valued the role of and actively participated in the activities of international transport organizations. It takes measures to fulfill its obligations, and plays a constructive role in the Organization for Railway Cooperation (OSJD), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Universal Postal Union (UPU) and other important international transport organizations. As a founder of the OSJD, China has made great contribution in formulating the organization’s various standards and regulations. China has served as member of both the UPU’s Postal Operations Council and Council of Administration since it resumed its legitimate seat at the organization in 1972. It has been elected 14 times as a category-A member of the IMO Council since 1989, and five times as a category-A member of the ICAO Council since 2004. China actively promotes bilateral and regional cooperation. It has signed intergovernmental agreements and bilateral and regional documents on railway, highway, maritime transport, civil aviation and postal service cooperation with more than 100 countries. Several transport cooperation mechanisms have been set up, such as the China-ASEAN and Shanghai Cooperation Organization transport ministers’ meetings, and a proposal has been made by China to establish a seaport service organization for APEC. China actively fulfills its international obligations, supports the transport development of other developing countries, and has aided the construction of a series of transport projects in Asia and Africa.

　　不断扩大对外开放。交通运输业是中国最早对外开放的行业之一。1979年，原交通部驻港企业招商局在深圳创办蛇口工业区，在全国改革开放的棋盘上先行一步。1984年国家设立14个沿海开放城市，沿海港口成为对外开放的“窗口”。目前在交通运输基础设施领域，除了铁路干线和民用机场的建设经营要求中方控股外，所有公路桥梁、港口码头、其他铁路和城市轨道对外资不设限。在运输服务领域，公路货运、国际集装箱多式联运、国际海运辅助服务完全放开。

　　Continuing to expand the scope of opening up. The transport industry was one of China’s first industries to open to the outside world. In 1979, the China Merchants Group, then under the administration of China’s former Ministry of Transport, founded the Shekou Industrial Zone in Shenzhen, taking the first step in the country’s opening-up initiative. In 1984, the Chinese government opened 14 coastal cities, and coastal ports became windows opened to the rest of the world. Today, in the area of transport infrastructure, except railway arteries and civil airports, all highways, bridges, ports, other types of railways and urban rail tracks are open to foreign capital as far as construction and operation is concerned. There is no limit on foreign capital for transport services such as highway freight, international container multimodal transport, and supporting services for international maritime transport.

　　加快“走出去”步伐。中国铁路、交通工程建设和港口运营领域等向全世界展示了雄厚的产业竞争实力。中国的国际海运量占全世界海运量的三分之一。中国交通运输企业不断加快“走出去”步伐，正在从传统劳务输出和工程承包向资本输出、技术输出、管理输出、标准输出转变，业务涉及交通运输基础设施建设、港口经营、远洋运输、交通运输装备、船舶检验、航海教育等众多领域。

　　Quickening the pace of Chinese enterprises’ “going global.” China has exhibited a strong competitive edge in the areas of railway building, transport projects and port operation. China transports one third of the total global maritime cargo. China’s transport businesses are quickening their steps of “going global,” and are transforming themselves from traditional labor export and project contracting entities to exporters of capital, technology, management and standards in the areas of transport infrastructure, port operation, ocean transport, transport equipment, ship inspection and maritime training.

　　五、未来五年的发展目标

　　V. Development Goals for the Next Five Years

　　“十三五”时期，中国交通运输发展将按照统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，坚持以人民为中心，提高发展质量和综合效率，积极发挥不同运输方式的比较优势，坚持网络化布局、智能化管理、一体化服务、绿色化发展，建设国内国际通道联通、区域城乡覆盖广泛、枢纽节点功能完善、运输服务一体高效的综合交通运输体系，为全面建成小康社会提供交通运输保障，更好地服务中国经济发展，更好地连通中国与世界。

　　During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China will continue to develop its transport industry in accordance with the overall plan to seek economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-pronged Strategy. It will implement the guideline of innovation, coordination, green development, opening up, and sharing of benefits, continue to center on the people’s needs, improve the quality and efficiency of development, and fully utilize the comparative advantages of different means of transport. China will continue to develop its transport grid characterized by intelligent management, integrated services and green development, and build a comprehensive transport system with functional “nodes” that connect domestic and international transport channels, cover urban and rural areas, and provide integrated and efficient transport services. All this will contribute to the completion of the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to the growth of the Chinese economy, and to connecting China more closely with the rest of the world.