政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《2016中国的航天》

　　(2) Application of communications and broadcasting satellites. The ground facilities such as TT&C station, gateway station, uplink station and calibration field of communications satellites have been improved. A satellite communications network and satellite radio and TV network of adequate scale to meet the needs of certain services have been built, further improving the communications service ability. These applications play an important role in radio and television services, distance education and telemedicine. The emergency satellite communications system has provided important support for the fight against flood and drought, for rescue and relief work, and for handling major emergencies.

　　3、导航卫星应用。北斗系统服务精度和可靠性大幅提高，构建形成自主可控、完整成熟的北斗产业链以及北斗产业保障、应用推进和创新三大体系，广泛应用于交通运输、海洋渔业、水文监测、气象预报、测绘地理信息、森林防火、通信时统、电力调度、救灾减灾、应急搜救等领域，逐步渗透到人类社会生产和人们生活的方方面面，为全球经济和社会发展注入新的活力。

　　(3) Application of navigation and positioning satellites. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System has significantly improved its accuracy and reliability, bringing into play an independent, controllable, complete and mature Beidou industrial chain and the three systems of Beidou industrial guarantee, application promotion and innovation. The Beidou Navigation System is widely used in transportation, maritime fisheries, hydrological monitoring, weather forecasting, surveying and mapping, forest fire prevention, time synchronization of communication, power dispatching, disaster reduction and relief and emergency rescue, influencing all aspects of people’s life and production, and injecting new vitality into global economic and social development.

　　4、航天技术成果转化应用。“互联网+卫星应用”新业态孕育发展，为大众生活提供更加优质便利的服务。通过航天技术成果的二次开发和转化应用，为国民经济相关行业提供优质产品和服务，支撑和带动新材料、智能制造、电子信息等相关领域发展。

　　(4) Transformation and application of space technology. A new business model featuring the Internet plus satellite applications is coming into being, providing more convenient and high-quality services to the public. Secondary development, transformation and applications of space technology make possible the provision of high-quality products and services to relevant industries, and help to support and propel the development of new materials, intelligent manufacturing and electronic information, among others.

　　(八)空间科学

　　Space science

　　1、空间科学卫星。成功发射暗物质粒子探测、“实践十号”、量子科学实验等空间科学卫星，为前沿科学研究提供重要手段。

　　(1) Space science satellites. China has successfully launched the Dark Matter Particle Explorer, Shijian-10 and Quantum Science Experiment Satellite, offering important means for frontier scientific research.

　　2、空间环境下的科学实验。利用空间科学卫星、“嫦娥”探测器、“神舟”系列飞船和“天宫一号”目标飞行器等，开展一系列空间科学实验研究，深化了空间微重力和强辐射条件下生物生长、材料制备等机理的认识，取得了一批有影响力的研究成果。

　　(2) Space environment scientific experiments. China has carried out a series of space science experiments using space science satellites, Chang’e lunar probe, Shenzhou spacecraft series and Tiangong-1 target aircraft, deepening the understanding of the mechanism of biological growth and materials preparation under the conditions of space microgravity and intense radiation, and achieving some influential research findings.

　　3、空间环境探测与预报。利用空间科学卫星、“神舟”系列飞船等，积累空间环境主要参数及其效应数据，为航天器安全运行提供空间环境监测与预报服务。

　　(3) Space environment detection and forecast. China has identified the space environment’s major parameters and effects using space science satellites and the Shenzhou spacecraft series to provide space environmental monitoring and forecasting services for the safe operation of spacecraft.

　　(九)空间碎片

　　Space debris

　　空间碎片监测、预警、减缓及防护技术体系逐步完善，标准规范体系不断健全。空间碎片监测预警实现业务化运行，为在轨航天器安全运行提供有力保障;防护设计技术取得突破，开展航天器空间碎片防护工程应用;全面实施“长征”系列运载火箭末级钝化，对废弃航天器采取有效离轨处置措施，切实保护空间环境。

　　China has improved the monitoring and mitigation of and early warning and protection against space debris. It has also enhanced standards and regulations in this regard. The monitoring of and early warning against space debris have been put into regular operation, ensuring the safe operation of spacecraft in orbit. China has also made breakthroughs in protection design technologies, applying them to the protection projects of spacecraft against space debris. In addition, all Long March carrier rockets have upper stage passivation, and discarded spacecraft are moved out of orbit to protect the space environment.

　　三、未来五年的主要任务

　　III. Major Tasks for the Next Five Years

　　未来五年，中国将加快航天强国建设步伐，持续提升航天工业基础能力，加强关键技术攻关和前沿技术研究，继续实施载人航天、月球探测、北斗卫星导航系统、高分辨率对地观测系统、新一代运载火箭等重大工程，启动实施一批新的重大科技项目和重大工程，基本建成空间基础设施体系，拓展空间应用深度和广度，深入开展空间科学研究，推动空间科学、空间技术、空间应用全面发展。

　　In the next five years, China plans to expedite the development of its space endeavors by continuing to enhance the basic capacities of its space industry, strengthen research into key and cutting-edge technologies, and implement manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, high-resolution earth observation system, new-generation launch vehicles and other important projects. Furthermore, the country is to launch new key scientific and technological programs and major projects, complete, by and large, its space infrastructure system, expand its space applications in breadth and depth, and further conduct research into space science, promoting the integrated development of space science, technology and applications.

　　(一)航天运输系统

　　Space transport system

　　研制发射无毒无污染中型运载火箭，完善新一代运载火箭型谱，进一步提升可靠性。

　　We will develop and launch medium-lift launch vehicles which are non-toxic and pollution-free, improve the new-generation launch vehicle family, and enhance their reliability.

　　开展重型运载火箭关键技术攻关和方案深化论证，突破重型运载火箭总体、大推力液氧煤油发动机、氢氧发动机等关键技术，启动重型运载火箭工程实施。

　　Endeavors will be made to research key technologies and further study the plans for developing heavy-lift launch vehicles. Breakthroughs are expected in key technologies for the overall system, high-thrust liquid oxygen and kerosene engines, and oxygen and hydrogen engines of such launch vehicles. Thereafter the heavy-lift launch vehicle project will be activated.

　　开展低成本运载火箭、新型上面级、天地往返可重复使用运输系统等技术研究。

　　China will conduct research into the technologies for low-cost launch vehicles, new upper stage and the reusable space transportation system between the earth and low-earth orbit.

　　(二)空间基础设施

　　Space infrastructure

　　提升卫星系统水平和基础产品能力，构建形成卫星遥感、卫星通信广播、卫星导航定位三大系统，建设天地一体化信息网络，基本建成空间基础设施体系，形成连续稳定的业务服务能力，促进卫星及应用产业发展。

　　China is to improve its satellite systems and their basic related items, develop the three major satellite systems of remote-sensing, communications and broadcasting, and navigation and positioning, and build a space-ground integrated information network. In this way, a space infrastructure system capable of providing steady and sustained services will take shape, boosting the satellite and related applications industrial sector.

　　1、卫星遥感系统。按照一星多用、多星组网、多网协同的发展思路，发展陆地观测、海洋观测、大气观测3个系列，研制发射高分辨率多模式光学观测、L波段差分干涉合成孔径雷达、陆地生态碳监测、大气环境激光探测、海洋盐度探测、新一代海洋水色观测等卫星，逐步形成高、中、低空间分辨率合理配置、多种观测手段优化组合的综合高效全球观测和数据获取能力。统筹建设和完善遥感卫星接收站网、定标与真实性检验场、数据中心、共享网络平台和共性应用支撑平台，形成卫星遥感数据全球接收服务能力。