政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国能源发展》

　　Energy transport capacity has risen remarkably. China has built natural gas trunk lines measuring over 87,000 km, oil trunk lines totaling 55,000 km, and 302,000 km of electricity transmission lines of 330 kv or more.

　　能源储备体系不断健全。建成9个国家石油储备基地，天然气产供储销体系建设取得初步成效，煤炭生产运输协同保障体系逐步完善，电力安全稳定运行达到世界先进水平，能源综合应急保障能力显著增强。

　　The energy reserve system has been steadily improved. China has built nine national oil reserve bases; it has achieved preliminary results in building a natural gas production, supply, reserve and sale system; the coordinated guarantee system for coal production and transport is sound; the country has become a global leader in operating a secure and stable power grid; and its capacity in comprehensive energy emergency response has been strengthened significantly.

　　(二)能源节约和消费结构优化成效显著

　　2. Remarkable Achievements in Optimizing Energy Conservation and Consumption

　　能源利用效率显著提高。2012年以来单位国内生产总值能耗累计降低24.4%，相当于减少能源消费12.7亿吨标准煤。2012年至2019年，以能源消费年均2.8%的增长支撑了国民经济年均7%的增长。

　　Significant improvement has been made in energy efficiency. Since 2012, energy consumption per unit of GDP has been reduced by 24.4 percent, equivalent to 1.27 billion tons of standard coal. From 2012 to 2019, China saw an average annual growth of 7 percent in the economy, while annual energy consumption rose by only 2.8 percent.

　　能源消费结构向清洁低碳加快转变。初步核算，2019年煤炭消费占能源消费总量比重为57.7%，比2012年降低10.8个百分点;天然气、水电、核电、风电等清洁能源消费量占能源消费总量比重为23.4%，比2012年提高8.9个百分点;非化石能源占能源消费总量比重达15.3%，比2012年提高5.6个百分点，已提前完成到2020年非化石能源消费比重达到15%左右的目标。新能源汽车快速发展，2019年新增量和保有量分别达120万辆和380万辆，均占全球总量一半以上;截至2019年底，全国电动汽车充电基础设施达120万处，建成世界最大规模充电网络，有效促进了交通领域能效提高和能源消费结构优化。

　　The shift towards clean and low-carbon energy consumption is accelerating. Preliminary calculations show that in 2019, coal consumption accounted for 57.7 percent of total energy consumption, a decrease of 10.8 percentage points from 2012; the consumption of clean energy (natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power) accounted for 23.4 percent of total energy consumption, an increase of 8.9 percentage points over 2012. Non-fossil energy accounted for 15.3 percent of total energy consumption, up 5.6 percentage points against 2012. With this China has reached the target of raising the share of non-fossil energy to 15 percent in total energy consumption by 2020. The number of new energy vehicles is rising rapidly. In 2019 the total number of new energy vehicles reached 3.8 million, with 1.2 million new energy vehicles going on road that year. Both of these figures represent more than half of the global totals. As of the end of 2019, there were 1.2 million electric-vehicle charging stations nationwide, constituting the largest charging network in the world, and effectively improving energy efficiency and optimizing energy consumption in the transport sector.

　　(三)能源科技水平快速提升

　　3. Rapid Improvements in Energy Technology

　　持续推进能源科技创新，能源技术水平不断提高，技术进步成为推动能源发展动力变革的基本力量。建立完备的水电、核电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源装备制造产业链，成功研发制造全球最大单机容量100万千瓦水电机组，具备最大单机容量达10兆瓦的全系列风电机组制造能力，不断刷新光伏电池转换效率世界纪录。建成若干应用先进三代技术的核电站，新一代核电、小型堆等多项核能利用技术取得明显突破。油气勘探开发技术能力持续提高，低渗原油及稠油高效开发、新一代复合化学驱等技术世界领先，页岩油气勘探开发技术和装备水平大幅提升，天然气水合物试采取得成功。发展煤炭绿色高效智能开采技术，大型煤矿采煤机械化程度达98%，掌握煤制油气产业化技术。建成规模最大、安全可靠、全球领先的电网，供电可靠性位居世界前列。“互联网+”智慧能源、储能、区块链、综合能源服务等一大批能源新技术、新模式、新业态正在蓬勃兴起。

　　China continues to pursue technological innovation in the energy sector. Its energy technologies are continuously improving, and technological progress has become a basic driver for the transformation of the energy industry. There are complete industrial chains for the manufacturing of clean energy equipment for hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and solar power. China has successfully developed and manufactured the world’s largest single-unit hydropower generators, with a capacity of 1 million kW; it is able to manufacture a full range of wind turbines with a maximum single-unit capacity of 10 mw; and it continues to establish new world bests in the conversion efficiency of solar PV cells. China has built a number of nuclear power plants using advanced third-generation technologies, and made significant breakthroughs in a number of nuclear energy technologies such as new-generation nuclear power generation and small modular reactors. Its technological capabilities in oil and gas exploration and development keep improving. It leads the world in technologies such as the high-efficiency development of low-permeability crude oil and heavy oil, and a new generation of compound chemical flooding. The technology and equipment for shale oil and gas exploration and development have greatly improved, and successful natural gas hydrate production tests have been completed. China is developing green, efficient and intelligent coal mining technology. It has achieved mechanization in 98 percent of its large coal mines, and mastered the technology for producing oil and gas from coal. It has built a safe, reliable, and world-leading power grid which is the largest across the globe, with reliability of supply at the forefront of the world. A large number of new energy technologies, new businesses, and new models such as “Internet +” smart energy, energy storage, block chain, and integrated energy services are booming.

　　(四)能源与生态环境友好性明显改善

　　4. Significant Progress in Eco-Environmental Friendliness of the Energy Sector

　　中国把推进能源绿色发展作为促进生态文明建设的重要举措，坚决打好污染防治攻坚战、打赢蓝天保卫战。煤炭清洁开采和利用水平大幅提升，采煤沉陷区治理、绿色矿山建设取得显著成效。落实修订后的《大气污染防治法》，加大燃煤和其他能源污染防治力度。推动国家大气污染防治重点区域内新建、改建、扩建用煤项目实施煤炭等量或减量替代。能源绿色发展显著推动空气质量改善，二氧化硫、氮氧化物和烟尘排放量大幅下降。能源绿色发展对碳排放强度下降起到重要作用，2019年碳排放强度比2005年下降48.1%，超过了2020年碳排放强度比2005年下降40%-45%的目标，扭转了二氧化碳排放快速增长的局面。

　　China sees green energy as an important measure to enhance eco-environmental progress, and resolutely fights pollution, especially air pollution. Its capabilities in clean coal mining and utilization have greatly improved, and significant results have been achieved in regulating coal mining subsidence areas and building green mines. It has amended the Law on Air Pollution Prevention and Control to strengthen the prevention and control of pollution from coal and other energy sources, and ensure that more environmentally friendly energy sources are used to replace coal in equal or reduced amount in newly-built, renovated, or expanded coal-consuming projects in key areas for air pollution control. The green development of the energy sector has significantly improved air quality, and the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot have dropped notably. Green development of the energy sector has played an important role in reducing carbon emissions. By 2019, carbon emission intensity in China had decreased by 48.1 percent compared with 2005, which exceeded the target of reducing carbon emission intensity by 40 to 45 percent between 2005 and 2020, reversing the trend of rapid carbon dioxide emission growth.

　　(五)能源治理机制持续完善

　　5. Continuous Improvement in the Energy Governance Mechanism

　　全面提升能源领域市场化水平，营商环境不断优化，市场活力明显增强，市场主体和人民群众办事创业更加便利。进一步放宽能源领域外资市场准入，民间投资持续壮大，投资主体更加多元。发用电计划有序放开、交易机构独立规范运行、电力市场建设深入推进。加快推进油气勘查开采市场放开与矿业权流转、管网运营机制改革、原油进口动态管理等改革，完善油气交易中心建设。推进能源价格市场化，进一步放开竞争性环节价格，初步建立电力、油气网络环节科学定价制度。协同推进能源改革和法治建设，能源法律体系不断完善。覆盖战略、规划、政策、标准、监管、服务的能源治理机制基本形成。

　　China is making every effort to ensure that the market plays a greater role in the energy sector. Now, in a better business environment and a more viable market, market entities and individuals enjoy more convenient services and find it easier to start businesses. Market access for foreign capital in the energy sector has been extended, private investment is growing, and investment entities have become more diverse. Policies on power generation and consumption plans have been relaxed in an orderly manner, trading institutions can operate independently and in accordance with regulations, and the power market has further developed. China has accelerated reforms such as the deregulation of the oil and gas exploration market and the circulation of mining rights, reform of the pipeline network operation mechanism, and the dynamic management of crude oil imports. It has improved the construction of oil and gas trading centers. China encourages the market to play a decisive role in determining energy prices. It has further relaxed control on the prices in competitive areas, and has preliminarily established a reasonable pricing mechanism for power transmission and distribution and oil and gas pipeline networks. It coordinates energy reform with law-based governance, and the legal framework regarding the energy sector has been improved. An energy governance mechanism covering strategies, plans, policies, standards, supervision, and services is in place.

　　(六)能源惠民利民成果丰硕

　　6. Solid Benefits for People’s Lives

　　把保障和改善民生作为能源发展的根本出发点，保障城乡居民获得基本能源供应和服务，在全面建成小康社会和乡村振兴中发挥能源供应的基础保障作用。2016年至2019年，农网改造升级总投资达8300亿元，农村平均停电时间降低至15小时左右，农村居民用电条件明显改善。2013年至2015年，实施解决无电人口用电行动计划，2015年底完成全部人口都用上电的历史性任务。实施光伏扶贫工程等能源扶贫工程建设，优先在贫困地区进行能源开发项目布局，实施能源惠民工程，促进了贫困地区经济发展和贫困人口收入增加。完善天然气利用基础设施建设，扩大天然气供应区域，提高民生用气保障能力。北方地区清洁取暖取得明显进展，改善了城乡居民用能条件和居住环境。截至2019年底，北方地区清洁取暖面积达116亿平方米，比2016年增加51亿平方米。

　　Ensuring public wellbeing and improving people’s lives is China’s fundamental goal in energy development. China is ensuring that urban and rural residents have access to basic energy supply and services, as a fundamental element in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and supporting rural revitalization. From 2016 to 2019, the total investment in transforming and upgrading rural power grids reached RMB830 billion, and the average power outage time in rural areas was reduced to about 15 hours per year. The quality of power services for rural residents has improved significantly. From 2013 to 2015 China implemented an action plan to ensure access to electricity for every citizen, and completed this historic task by the end of 2015. It has implemented poverty alleviation projects based on solar PV power generation, and other energy-related poverty alleviation projects. China prioritizes poverty-stricken areas in planning energy development projects and has introduced energy projects for the benefit of the rural residents. This has promoted economic development in poverty-stricken areas and raised the incomes of the poor. It has improved the infrastructure for natural gas utilization, supplied natural gas to more areas, and improved its ability to ensure gas supply for people’s daily life. Significant progress has been made in clean heating in northern China, with improvements in the energy use and living environment of urban and rural residents. As of the end of 2019, clean heating in northern China covered a floor space of 11.6 billion sq m, an increase of 5.1 billion sq m over 2016.

　　三、全面推进能源消费方式变革

　　III. An All-Round Effort to Reform Energy Consumption

　　坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持节能优先方针，树立节能就是增加资源、减少污染、造福人类的理念，把节能贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各领域。

　　China perseveres with its fundamental national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. Prioritizing energy saving, it understands that energy conservation means increasing resources, reducing pollution, and benefiting humanity, and exercises energy saving throughout the whole process and in all areas of economic and social development.

　　(一)实行能耗双控制度

　　1. Implementing a Dual Control System of Total Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity

　　实行能源消费总量和强度双控制度，按省、自治区、直辖市行政区域设定能源消费总量和强度控制目标，对各级地方政府进行监督考核。把节能指标纳入生态文明、绿色发展等绩效评价指标体系，引导转变发展理念。对重点用能单位分解能耗双控目标，开展目标责任评价考核，推动重点用能单位加强节能管理。

　　A dual control system of total energy consumption and energy intensity is in place. China sets the targets of total energy consumption and energy intensity for different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and applies oversight and checks over the performance of local governments at all levels. It has introduced the energy-saving index into the performance evaluation system of eco-environmental progress and green development, to guide the transformation of the development philosophy. It breaks down the dual control targets of total energy consumption and energy intensity for key energy consumers, and evaluates their performance accordingly to strengthen energy-saving management.

　　(二)健全节能法律法规和标准体系

　　2. Improving Laws, Regulations and Standards for Energy Conservation

　　修订实施《节约能源法》，建立完善工业、建筑、交通等重点领域和公共机构节能制度，健全节能监察、能源效率标识、固定资产投资项目节能审查、重点用能单位节能管理等配套法律制度。强化标准引领约束作用，健全节能标准体系，实施百项能效标准推进工程，发布实施340多项国家节能标准，其中近200项强制性标准，实现主要高耗能行业和终端用能产品全覆盖。加强节能执法监督，强化事中事后监管，严格执法问责，确保节能法律法规和强制性标准有效落实。

　　China has revised the Energy Conservation Law. It has put in place an energy-saving system in key areas including industry, construction and transport as well as in public institutions. It continues to improve the supporting legal institutions for energy conservation supervision, energy-efficiency labeling, energy-saving checks on fixed assets investment projects, and energy conservation management of key energy consumers. It has strengthened standard-setting as a constraining factor and improved energy-saving standards system. It has carried out 100 projects to upgrade energy efficiency standards, enacted more than 340 national energy-saving standards, including almost 200 mandatory standards, covering most high energy-consuming industries and final energy consumption products. China has strengthened oversight over energy-saving law enforcement, reinforced operational and post-operational supervision, and exercised strict accountability for law enforcement to ensure the effective implementation of energy conservation laws, regulations, and mandatory standards.

　　(三)完善节能低碳激励政策

　　3. Improving Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Incentives

　　实行促进节能的企业所得税、增值税优惠政策。鼓励进口先进节能技术、设备，控制出口耗能高、污染重的产品。健全绿色金融体系，利用能效信贷、绿色债券等支持节能项目。创新完善促进绿色发展的价格机制，实施差别电价、峰谷分时电价、阶梯电价、阶梯气价等，完善环保电价政策，调动市场主体和居民节能的积极性。在浙江等4省市开展用能权有偿使用和交易试点，在北京等7省市开展碳排放权交易试点。大力推行合同能源管理，鼓励节能技术和经营模式创新，发展综合能源服务。加强电力需求侧管理，推行电力需求侧响应的市场化机制，引导节约、有序、合理用电。建立能效“领跑者”制度，推动终端用能产品、高耗能行业、公共机构提升能效水平。

　　Corporate income tax and value-added tax incentives are awarded to energy-saving businesses. China encourages the imports of energy-saving technologies and equipment, and controls the exports of energy-intensive and heavy-polluting products. China is improving the green financial system, and makes use of energy efficiency credits and green bonds to support energy conservation projects. It is exploring new ground in pricing to advance green development. Differential pricing, time-of-use pricing, and tiered pricing for electricity and natural gas have been adopted. China is improving its policies of environment-friendly electricity pricing to arouse the enthusiasm of market entities and the public in energy conservation. It has conducted trials of paid use of and trading in energy-using right in four provinces and cities including Zhejiang, and carbon emissions trading in seven provinces and cities including Beijing. The government is promoting energy performance contracting (EPC) and developing integrated energy services, and encourages innovations in energy-saving technology and business models. It has strengthened the management of demand-side power use and implemented a market response mechanism to guide the economical, orderly and rational utilization of electricity. A “leader board” of best energy-savers has been put in place to increase the efficiency of final energy consumption products, energy-intensive industries, and public institutions.

　　(四)提升重点领域能效水平

　　4. Improving Energy Efficiency in Key Areas

　　积极优化产业结构，大力发展低能耗的先进制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业，推动传统产业智能化、清洁化改造。推动工业绿色循环低碳转型升级，全面实施绿色制造，建立健全节能监察执法和节能诊断服务机制，开展能效对标达标。提升新建建筑节能标准，深化既有建筑节能改造，优化建筑用能结构。构建节能高效的综合交通运输体系，推进交通运输用能清洁化，提高交通运输工具能效水平。全面建设节约型公共机构，促进公共机构为全社会节能工作作出表率。构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系，促进绿色技术研发、转化与推广。推广国家重点节能低碳技术、工业节能技术装备、交通运输行业重点节能低碳技术等。推动全民节能，引导树立勤俭节约的消费观，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，反对奢侈浪费和不合理消费。

　　China is doing all it can to optimize the industrial structure, develop advanced manufacturing, high-tech industry and modern services with low energy consumption, and promote the intelligent and clean transformation of traditional industries. China has sped up the transformation to green, recycling and low-carbon industry, and implemented green manufacturing on all fronts; put in place monitoring, law enforcement and diagnostic mechanisms for energy conservation, and carried out energy efficiency benchmarking; raised the energy-saving standards of new buildings, expanded the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and improved the structure of energy consumption in construction. It is developing a highly efficient and comprehensive transport system with lower energy consumption, promoting the use of clean energy in transport, and enhancing energy efficiency of vehicles and other means of transport. It is building energy-saving public institutions, to set an example for the rest of society. A market-oriented system of green technology innovation will be put in place to encourage the R&D, transfer and popularization of green technology. China is promoting national key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies, particularly for the transport sector, and energy-saving industrial equipment. The government encourages extensive public involvement in energy conservation, and is raising public awareness of frugality, promoting simple, modest, green and low-carbon lifestyles, and opposing extravagance and excessive consumption.

　　(五)推动终端用能清洁化

　　5. Promoting Clean Final Energy Consumption

　　以京津冀及周边地区、长三角、珠三角、汾渭平原等地区为重点，实施煤炭消费减量替代和散煤综合治理，推广清洁高效燃煤锅炉，推行天然气、电力和可再生能源等替代低效和高污染煤炭的使用。制定财政、价格等支持政策，积极推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖，促进大气环境质量改善。推进终端用能领域以电代煤、以电代油，推广新能源汽车、热泵、电窑炉等新型用能方式。加强天然气基础设施建设与互联互通，在城镇燃气、工业燃料、燃气发电、交通运输等领域推进天然气高效利用。大力推进天然气热电冷联供的供能方式，推进分布式可再生能源发展，推行终端用能领域多能协同和能源综合梯级利用。

　　Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Fenwei Plain (the Fenhe Plain, the Weihe Plain and their surroundings in the Yellow River Basin), China is working to reduce and find substitutes for coal consumption, and taking comprehensive measures to control the use of bulk coal. It is promoting clean and efficient coal-fired furnaces, and replacing inefficient and highly-polluting coal with natural gas, electricity and renewable energy. Now, fiscal and price policies are in place to support clean heating in winter in northern China to improve air quality. China is replacing coal and oil with electricity in final energy consumption, and popularizing new energy vehicles, heat pumps, electric furnaces, and other new forms of energy consumption. It has strengthened the development and connectivity of natural gas infrastructure, and made the use of natural gas more efficient in urban areas, as well as in industrial fuel, power generation, and transport. It is promoting natural gas CCHP (combined cooling heating and power), decentralized renewable energy, and multi-energy coordination and energy cascade use in final energy consumption.

　　四、建设多元清洁的能源供应体系

　　IV. Building a Clean and Diversified Energy Supply System

　　立足基本国情和发展阶段，确立生态优先、绿色发展的导向，坚持在保护中发展、在发展中保护，深化能源供给侧结构性改革，优先发展非化石能源，推进化石能源清洁高效开发利用，健全能源储运调峰体系，促进区域多能互补协调发展。

　　Proceeding from its basic national conditions and current stage of development, China gives priority to eco-environmental conservation and pursues green development. It seeks growth while protecting the environment, and believes that a sound eco-environment better facilitates growth. It focuses on supply-side structural reform in the energy sector – giving priority to non-fossil energy, promoting the clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy, improving the energy storage, transportation and peak-shaving system, and developing coordinated, complementary, and diverse energy sources in different regions.

　　(一)优先发展非化石能源

　　1. Prioritizing Non-Fossil Energy

　　开发利用非化石能源是推进能源绿色低碳转型的主要途径。中国把非化石能源放在能源发展优先位置，大力推进低碳能源替代高碳能源、可再生能源替代化石能源。