政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国能源发展》

　　(三)开展能源重大领域协同科技创新

　　3. Promoting Coordinated Scientific and Technological Innovation in Key Realms of the Energy Sector

　　实施重大科技项目和工程，实现能源领域关键技术跨越式发展。聚焦国家重大战略产业化目标，实施油气科技重大专项，重点突破油气地质新理论与高效勘探开发关键技术，开展页岩油、页岩气、天然气水合物等非常规资源经济高效开发技术攻关。实施核电科技重大专项，围绕三代压水堆和四代高温气冷堆技术，开展关键核心技术攻关，持续推进核电自主创新。面向重大共性关键技术，部署开展新能源汽车、智能电网技术与装备、煤矿智能化开采技术与装备、煤炭清洁高效利用与新型节能技术、可再生能源与氢能技术等方面研究。面向国家重大战略任务，重点部署能源高效洁净利用与转化的物理化学基础研究，推动以基础研究带动应用技术突破。

　　China has implemented major scientific and technological initiatives and projects to achieve leapfrog development in key energy technologies. Focusing on its strategic industrial goals, China has rolled out a project on oil and gas technology whose emphasis is making breakthroughs in petroleum geology theory and key technologies for high-efficiency exploration and exploitation, as well as finding technology solutions to low-cost, high-efficiency exploitation of unconventional sources of energy, including shale oil, shale gas and gas hydrates. China has launched a project in nuclear power technology to advance research on core technologies of a third-generation pressurized water reactor and a fourth-generation high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The goal is to boost the country’s independent innovation in nuclear power technology. In the field of key generic technologies, China has planned for and carried out research into new energy vehicles, smart grid, smart coal mining, clean and efficient use of coal and new energy-saving technology, renewable energy and hydrogen energy, among others. To achieve its major strategic goals, China has given priority to research in basic physics and chemistry concerning clean and efficient use and conversion of energy, in the hope that advances in basic research will lead to breakthroughs in applied technologies.

　　(四)依托重大能源工程提升能源技术装备水平

　　4. Launching Major Energy Projects to Upgrade Energy Technologies and Equipment

　　在全球能源绿色低碳转型发展趋势下，加快传统能源技术装备升级换代，加强新兴能源技术装备自主创新，清洁低碳能源技术水平显著提升。依托重大装备制造和重大示范工程，推动关键能源装备技术攻关、试验示范和推广应用。完善能源装备计量、标准、检测和认证体系，提高重大能源装备研发、设计、制造和成套能力。围绕能源安全供应、清洁能源发展和化石能源清洁高效利用三大方向，着力突破能源装备制造关键技术、材料和零部件等瓶颈，推动全产业链技术创新。开展先进能源技术装备的重大能源示范工程建设，提升煤炭清洁智能采掘洗选、深水和非常规油气勘探开发、油气储运和输送、清洁高效燃煤发电、先进核电、可再生能源发电、燃气轮机、储能、先进电网、煤炭深加工等领域装备的技术水平。

　　In a global trend of transition to green and low-carbon development in the energy sector, China has accelerated the upgrading of conventional energy technologies and equipment, and is replacing them with new ones at a faster pace. It has redoubled efforts to make independent innovations in emerging energy technologies, and achieved a marked improvement in clean, low-carbon energy technologies. By launching major equipment manufacturing projects and major demonstration projects, China has made breakthroughs in the trials, demonstration, application and popularization of key energy technologies. It has improved the measurement, standard setting, testing, and certification systems of energy equipment, and built up its capacity to research, develop, design and manufacture complete sets of important energy equipment.

　　To achieve secure energy supply, develop clean energy, and encourage the clean, efficient use of fossil fuels, China concentrates on making breakthroughs in key technologies in energy equipment manufacturing, solving bottleneck issues involving materials and accessories, and promoting technological innovation along the whole industrial chain. China has launched major demonstration projects for advanced energy technologies and equipment in such fields as clean and intelligent coal mining, washing and selection, the exploration and exploitation of deep-water and unconventional oil and gas resources, oil and gas storage and transport, clean and efficient coal-fired power generation, advanced nuclear power technologies, power generation from renewable sources, gas turbine, energy storage, advanced power grid, and deep processing of coal.

　　(五)支持新技术新模式新业态发展

　　5. Supporting the Development of New Technologies and New Business Forms and Models

　　当前，世界正处在新科技革命和产业革命交汇点，新技术突破加速带动产业变革，促进能源新模式新业态不断涌现。大力推动能源技术与现代信息、材料和先进制造技术深度融合，依托“互联网+”智慧能源建设，探索能源生产和消费新模式。加快智能光伏创新升级，推动光伏发电与农业、渔业、牧业、建筑等融合发展，拓展光伏发电互补应用新空间，形成广泛开发利用新能源的新模式。加速发展绿氢制取、储运和应用等氢能产业链技术装备，促进氢能燃料电池技术链、氢燃料电池汽车产业链发展。支持能源各环节各场景储能应用，着力推进储能与可再生能源互补发展。支持新能源微电网建设，形成发储用一体化局域清洁供能系统。推动综合能源服务新模式，实现终端能源多能互补、协同高效。在试点示范项目引领和带动下，各类能源新技术、新模式、新业态持续涌现，形成能源创新发展的“聚变效应”。

　　The world now stands at the confluence of a new round of technological revolution and an industrial revolution. New technological breakthroughs have accelerated industrial transformation, giving rise to waves of new business forms and models in the energy sector. China has made strenuous efforts to integrate energy technologies with modern and advanced information, material and manufacturing technologies, and has rolled out the “Internet +” intelligent energy program to explore new models of energy production and consumption. It has stepped up efforts to innovate and upgrade intelligent solar PV power generation, integrate the development of solar PV power generation with agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry and construction, and open new space for the complimentary application of solar PV power generation, creating new models in the utilization of new energy.

　　China has picked up its pace in developing industrial chains in the production, storage, transport and application of green hydrogen, hydrogen-fuel cells, and hydrogen-powered vehicles. It supports the application of energy storage technologies at multiple points in energy production and utilization, and the complementary development of energy storage and renewable energy. By supporting the construction of micro-grids for new energy, China has established regional systems of clean energy supply that integrate power generation, storage and utilization. It promotes new comprehensive energy services and strives for complementary, coordinated and efficient end use of various forms of energy. With pilot and demonstration projects leading the way, a series of new energy technologies and new business forms and models have emerged, triggering a fusion of innovative development in China’s energy sector.

　　六、全面深化能源体制改革

　　VI. Deeper Reform of the Energy System in All Areas

　　充分发挥市场在能源资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，深化重点领域和关键环节市场化改革，破除妨碍发展的体制机制障碍，着力解决市场体系不完善等问题，为维护国家能源安全、推进能源高质量发展提供制度保障。

　　China will fully leverage the decisive role of the market in allocating energy resources, and ensure the government better play its part in this regard. It will extend market-oriented reform in key areas and on vital issues to remove institutional barriers, solve the problem of an incomplete market system, provide strong institutional guarantees for China’s energy security and boost the high-quality development of the energy sector.

　　(一)构建有效竞争的能源市场

　　1. Creating an Energy Market with Effective Competition

　　大力培育多元市场主体，打破垄断、放宽准入、鼓励竞争，构建统一开放、竞争有序的能源市场体系，着力清除市场壁垒，提高能源资源配置效率和公平性。

　　China is working hard to cultivate a variety of market entities, break up monopolies, ease market access, and encourage competition. It is building an energy market system that is unified, open, competitive and yet orderly, removing market barriers, and making the allocation of energy resources more efficient and fairer.

　　培育多元能源市场主体。支持各类市场主体依法平等进入负面清单以外的能源领域，形成多元市场主体共同参与的格局。深化油气勘查开采体制改革，开放油气勘查开采市场，实行勘查区块竞争出让和更加严格的区块退出机制。支持符合条件的企业进口原油。改革油气管网运营机制，实现管输和销售业务分离。稳步推进售电侧改革，有序向社会资本开放配售电业务，深化电网企业主辅分离。积极培育配售电、储能、综合能源服务等新兴市场主体。深化国有能源企业改革，支持非公有制发展，积极稳妥开展能源领域混合所有制改革，激发企业活力动力。

　　Diversifying market entities. China supports a variety of market entities to operate in segments of the energy sector that are not on the entry negative list, in accordance with the law and on equal footing. China has extended systemic reform of oil and gas exploration and exploitation and opened up the market in this regard. It has implemented competitive trading of oil and gas exploration blocks, and adopted a more rigorous exit mechanism for oil- and gas-bearing zones. China encourages qualified enterprises to import crude oil. It has reformed the oil and gas pipeline operation system to separate transport from sales. In an effort to reform electricity distribution, China is opening up electricity distribution and sales to non-government investment in an orderly manner, and is separating power grid enterprises’ secondary business from their core business. New market entities are being cultivated in the fields of electricity distribution and sales, energy storage, and comprehensive energy services. Meanwhile, China is extending reform of energy SOEs, supporting development of the non-public sector, and conducting active yet prudent mixed-ownership reform in the energy industry to boost the vitality and motivation of energy enterprises.

　　建设统一开放、竞争有序的能源市场体系。根据不同能源品种特点，搭建煤炭、电力、石油和天然气交易平台，促进供需互动。推动建设现代化煤炭市场体系，发展动力煤、炼焦煤、原油期货交易和天然气现货交易。全面放开经营性电力用户发用电计划，建设中长期交易、现货交易等电能量交易和辅助服务交易相结合的电力市场。积极推进全国统一电力市场和全国碳排放权交易市场建设。

　　Building an energy market system that is unified, open, and competitive yet orderly. China has established trading platforms for coal, electricity, petroleum and natural gas to facilitate interaction between demand and supply. A modern coal market system is under construction. Futures trading of thermal coal, coking coal and crude oil and spot trading of natural gas are under way. Restrictions have been lifted on the generation and consumption of electricity by commercial consumers. An electricity market is under way to incorporate medium- and long-term trading, spot trading and other forms of trading of electricity. China is also working to build a unified electricity market across the country and a national carbon emissions trading market.

　　(二)完善主要由市场决定能源价格的机制

　　2. Improving the Market-Based Mechanism for Deciding Energy Prices

　　按照“管住中间、放开两头”总体思路，稳步放开竞争性领域和竞争性环节价格，促进价格反映市场供求、引导资源配置;严格政府定价成本监审，推进科学合理定价。

　　Following the principle of “allowing for more competition in electricity generation, sales and consumption while tightening government regulation of power grid, transmission and distribution”, China has lifted price control over competitive areas and links. The goal is to allow prices to reflect market demand, and thereby guide the allocation of resources. It has also conducted strict government oversight of the determination of pricing to cover reasonable costs.

　　有序放开竞争性环节价格。推动分步实现公益性以外的发售电价格由市场形成，电力用户或售电主体可与发电企业通过市场化方式确定交易价格。进一步深化燃煤发电上网电价机制改革，实行“基准价+上下浮动”的市场化价格机制。稳步推进以竞争性招标方式确定新建风电、光伏发电项目上网电价。推动按照“风险共担、利益共享”原则协商或通过市场化方式形成跨省跨区送电价格。完善成品油价格形成机制，推进天然气价格市场化改革。坚持保基本、促节约原则，全面推行居民阶梯电价、阶梯气价制度。

　　Lifting price control over competitive links in an orderly manner. China is steadily fostering a market-based pricing mechanism of commercial electricity generation and distribution, and allowing prices to be decided by electricity users, sellers and producers through market-based modalities. China has extended reform of the price-setting mechanism for on-grid electricity from coal-fired power plants, and introduced a market-based pricing mechanism in which electricity prices may fluctuate above or below the benchmark. Steady progress has been made in determining the price of on-grid electricity from new wind and solar PV power plants through competitive bidding. Relevant parties are encouraged to negotiate on the basis of sharing risks and benefits, and set through market-based modalities the price for trans-provincial or trans-regional transmission of electricity. The pricing mechanism for oil products is being improved. Reform is ongoing in having the market determine gas prices. China has enforced progressive pricing for household consumption of electricity and gas across the nation, ensuring basic living needs are met while encouraging conservation.

　　科学核定自然垄断环节价格。按照“准许成本+合理收益”原则，合理制定电网、天然气管网输配价格。开展两个监管周期输配电定价成本监审和电价核定。强化输配气价格监管，开展成本监审，构建天然气输配领域全环节价格监管体系。

　　Appropriately deciding prices for natural monopoly operations. Allowing recovery of costs plus reasonable profits, China has set appropriate transmission and distribution prices for power grids and gas pipelines. It has analyzed costs and verified prices for electricity transmission and distribution over two regulatory periods. China has also stepped up the price regulation of gas transmission and distribution and analyzed gas costs in order to establish a price regulation system that covers the whole process of gas transmission and distribution.

　　(三)创新能源科学管理和优化服务

　　3. Innovative Management of the Energy Sector and Improved Government Services

　　进一步转变政府职能，简政放权、放管结合、优化服务，着力打造服务型政府。发挥能源战略规划和宏观政策导向作用，集中力量办大事。强化能源市场监管，提升监管效能，促进各类市场主体公平竞争。坚持人民至上、生命至上理念，牢牢守住能源安全生产底线。