政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国与世界》

　　Change brings risks and challenges. The profoundly evolving international landscape involves complex and intertwined changes, and the interaction of old and new factors, forces, and problems. It also means greatly reshaping the relations between major countries, the international order, regional security, the trends of thought, and the global governance system. Factors of instability and uncertainty are increasing. Deficits in governance, trust, peace and development are growing. The world is facing the danger of a relapse into fragmentation and even confrontation.

　　The world economy is slowing down for lack of impetus, and the gap between the rich and poor is widening as a consequence of capital’s excessive pursuit of profit. Trade protectionism is on the rise. Global public and private debt is rising steeply. Some emerging economies have encountered major financial turbulence. The world economy is facing mounting downward pressure (see Box 11).

　　The world is facing grave and complex security challenges. As strategic competition becomes more acute, the regional security situation remains tense. Global and regional security faces the combined effect of traditional and nontraditional threats, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, cyberattacks, climate change, biohazards, organized crime, and major communicable diseases. The Cold War mentality of encirclement, constraint, confrontation and threat is resurfacing. Hegemonism and power politics are surging. The law of the jungle and zero-sum games have found new soil in which to breed. These challenges are grievously undermining the post-World War II international order. Some Western countries are facing serious difficulties in governance, populism is widespread, and attacks on globalization are intensifying. With a looming arms race, international arms control and disarmament have suffered setbacks. Damage to global strategic balance and stability and the escalation of some regional issues and conflicts have increased the chances of war. The breathtaking development of information technology and artificial intelligence creates ethical problems and poses visible threats to human lifestyles and even existence.

　　面对百年未有之大变局，人类又一次站在了何去何从的十字路口。面对困难和挑战，希望和信心尤为重要。世界不确定性不稳定性日益增多，但求和平、谋发展的时代潮流不会改变;国际格局深刻演变，但世界多极化的趋势不会改变;自由贸易和多边主义遭遇逆流，但经济全球化大势不会改变;国际秩序之争激烈复杂，但国际体系变革的方向不会改变。紧紧抓住并用好大变局带来的历史机遇，团结起来应对好各种危机和挑战，人类社会就能实现新的发展和跃升，以崭新姿态进入下一个百年。

　　These profound changes have brought humanity to a crossroads. Hope and confidence are key to resolving difficulties and challenges. The global trend towards peace and development will remain unchanged despite growing uncertainties and instabilities. The global trend towards multipolarity will remain unchanged despite tremendous changes in the international landscape. The trend towards economic globalization will remain unchanged despite setbacks to free trade and multilateralism. Reform of the international system will not change its course despite the increasing intensity and complexity of the contest over the international order. Through making the best use of the historic opportunities presented by the transformation and working together to cope with crises and challenges, humanity can achieve further progress in the century to come.

　　(二)构建人类命运共同体

　　2. Building a global community of shared future

　　世界怎么了?人类怎么办?面对百年未有之大变局，面对当前治理难题和发展困境，人类社会迫切需要建立新的发展观，构建更加公正合理的国际体系和国际秩序，开辟人类社会更加美好的发展前景。中国提出构建人类命运共同体，着眼解决当今世界面临的现实问题、实现人类社会和平永续发展，以天下大同为目标，秉持合作共赢理念，摒弃丛林法则，不搞强权独霸，超越零和博弈，开辟出合作共赢、共建共享的发展新道路，为人类发展提供了新的选择。

　　What is happening to the world? What should humanity do? Confronted with unprecedented global change and governance and development challenges, humanity urgently needs to establish new approaches to development, build a fairer and more equitable international system and order, and open up brighter prospects for the future. China’s proposal to build a global community of shared future aims to solve the practical issues facing the world today and realize the peaceful and sustainable development of humanity. The proposal pursues the goal of universal harmony and the principles of cooperation and mutual benefit, while opposing the law of the jungle, power politics and hegemonism. It looks beyond zero-sum games to the idea of blazing a new path of development based on win-win cooperation, joint contribution and shared benefits, offering a new option to the international community.

　　构建人类命运共同体思想，内涵丰富，体系完整。政治上，倡导相互尊重、平等协商，坚决摒弃冷战思维和强权政治，走对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟的国与国交往新路;安全上，倡导坚持以对话解决争端、以协商化解分歧，统筹应对传统和非传统安全威胁，反对一切形式的恐怖主义;经济上，倡导同舟共济，促进贸易和投资自由化便利化，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展;文化上，倡导尊重世界文明多样性，以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明共存超越文明优越;生态上，倡导坚持环境友好，合作应对气候变化，保护好人类赖以生存的地球家园。

　　Building a global community of shared future is a well-rounded, systematic proposal. Politically, it advocates mutual respect and consultation on an equal footing, opposes the Cold War mentality and power politics, and embraces a new approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation and seeks partnerships rather than alliances.

　　In terms of security, the proposal calls for settling disputes through dialogue and resolving differences through consultation, coordinating responses to traditional and nontraditional threats, and opposing terrorism in all its forms. In the economic sphere, the proposal calls for a spirit of partnership in liberalizing and facilitating trade and investment, and making economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.

　　The proposal respects cultural diversity and approaches cross-cultural communication by replacing estrangement with exchange, clashes with mutual learning, and a sense of superiority with coexistence. The proposal emphasizes eco-friendliness, cooperation in tackling climate change, and the protection of our planet, the home for all humanity.

　　构建人类命运共同体思想，汲取中华优秀传统文化精髓，继承人类社会发展优秀成果，揭示了世界各国相互依存和人类命运紧密相联的客观规律，反映了中外优秀文化和全人类共同价值追求，找到了人类共建美好世界的最大公约数。推动构建人类命运共同体，不是倡导每个国家必须遵循统一的价值标准，不是推进一种或少数文明的单方主张，也不是谋求在全球范围内建设统一的行为体，更不是一种制度替代另一种制度、一种文明替代另一种文明，而是主张不同社会制度、不同意识形态、不同历史文明、不同发展水平的国家，在国际活动中目标一致、利益共生、权利共享、责任共担，从而促进人类社会整体发展。

　　The idea of building a global community of shared future draws from the essence of traditional Chinese culture and the achievements of human society, and reflects the interdependence among all countries and the close interconnection of all humanity. The idea demonstrates the values shared by Chinese and other cultures and by all humanity, and the greatest common ground for building a better world. Building a community of shared future does not mean conformity to the same values by all countries or the implementation of unilateral proposals pushed by one country or a small minority of countries, nor does it mean the establishment of a single unitary actor around the globe, or the replacement of one system or culture by another. Rather, it calls for countries with different social systems, ideologies, histories, cultures, and levels of development to align their goals and interests, enjoy equal rights, and share all responsibilities in international activities for the progress of humanity as a whole.

　　构建人类命运共同体，是一项充满艰辛和曲折的事业，但是，用进步代替落后、用福祉消除灾祸、用文明化解野蛮是历史大趋势，是人类文明进步的道义所在。世界各国应团结起来，凝聚起不同民族、不同信仰、不同文化、不同地域人民的共识，共同推动构建人类命运共同体，把世界各国人民对美好生活的向往变成现实。

　　The path to a global community of shared future is arduous and tortuous. However, it is the trend of history and the goal of human civilization to replace backwardness with progress, misfortune with happiness, and barbarity with civility. All countries should reach consensus that transcends ethnicity, beliefs, culture, and location, and work together to build a community of shared future and actualize the aspiration of all peoples for a better life.

　　(三)构建新型国际关系

　　3. Building a new model of international relations

　　冲突对抗没有赢家，和平合作没有输家。国家和，则世界安;国家斗，则世界乱。历史上追逐霸权、结盟对抗、以大欺小的国际关系，为世界带来混乱甚至战争。当今世界不仅面临发展困境，还面临深刻的规则危机、信任危机、秩序危机。一些在长期国际实践中形成且被各国普遍认同和遵守的规则规范和道德观念被抛弃和践踏，一些事关战略稳定和全球福祉的国际条约和协定得不到履行甚至被撕毁和破坏。个别国家漠视国际公理，公然侵犯他国主权、干涉他国内政，动辄以大欺小、恃强凌弱。面对国际局势的动荡不安，各国应遵守规则、增进信任、维护秩序，构建新型国际关系，走对话不对抗、结伴不结盟的国与国交往新路，使地球村成为共谋发展的大舞台，而不是相互角力的竞技场。

　　Peace and cooperation benefit all while conflict and confrontation benefit none. Harmony among all countries brings universal peace while confrontation causes chaos. History shows that the pursuit of hegemony, alliance and confrontation and the abuse of power in international relations will induce chaos or even war.

　　In addition to development issues, the world is beset by serious crises of trust and threats to the international rules and order. Some long-standing international norms and ethics that have been widely recognized and observed are now abandoned and betrayed. Some international treaties and agreements with a bearing on global stability and wellbeing are ignored, torn up or damaged. In defiance of international truth certain countries overtly infringe the sovereignty and interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, and abuse the small and weak.

　　Amid international volatility, all countries should observe the rules, enhance trust, and maintain order while building a new model of international relations. We should embrace a new approach to state-to-state relations, one that features dialogue rather than confrontation and seeks partnerships rather than alliances. Our global village should become a stage for common development rather than an arena for fights.

　　构建新型国际关系，应秉持相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢原则。相互尊重，就是坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，各国应尊重彼此的政治制度，尊重彼此自主选择发展道路的权利，尊重彼此利益关切，反对干涉别国内政，反对强权政治和霸凌主义。公平正义，就是各国应摒弃单纯的物质主义取向和竞争至上法则，确保资源禀赋和发展水平不同的国家能够获得平等的发展权利和机会，缩小彼此发展差距;国家间交往应遵循义利相兼、以义为先的义利观，实现自身获益与国际贡献的有机统一。合作共赢，就是各国应摒弃一味谋求自身更大相对利益的理念，纠正“赢者通吃”的过时做法，坚持以双赢、多赢、共赢为目标，在追求本国利益时兼顾各国合理关切，在谋求本国发展时促进各国共同发展，在维护本国安全时尊重各国安全，变压力为动力、化危机为机遇、化冲突为合作。

　　A new model of international relations should be built on the principles of mutual respect, equity and justice, and mutually beneficial cooperation. Mutual respect is based on equality among all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor. Each country should respect other countries’ political systems, their right to choose their own development paths, and their interests and concerns. All should oppose power politics, hegemony, and interference in other countries’ domestic affairs.

　　In upholding equity and justice, we need to discard extreme materialism and excessive competition, and ensure that countries with different reserves of resources and levels of development have equal right and equal access to opportunities so as to narrow the gap in development. State-to-state relations should uphold the greater good and pursue shared interests, with priority given to the former, properly balancing their national interests and their contribution to the international community.

　　Mutually beneficial cooperation pursues win-win results rather than the maximization of self-interest, and discards the outdated practice of “winner takes all”. Countries should address the legitimate concerns of other countries while pursuing their own interests, promote common development with their own development, and respect the security of other countries while safeguarding their own security. We should turn pressure into impetus, crises into opportunities, and conflict into cooperation.

　　大国是维护世界和平稳定的重要力量，是构建新型国际关系的关键因素。大国要有大国的样子，大国要有大国的担当。大国之大，不在于体量大、块头大、拳头大，而在于胸襟大、格局大、担当大。大国要以人类前途命运为要，对世界和平与发展担负更大责任，而不是依仗实力对地区和国际事务谋求垄断。在人类社会发展进程中，成功的大国战略必然是顺应时代潮流和世界发展大势，能够为其他国家和人民所认同。大国之间相互尊重、合作共赢，才能推动人类社会不断进步。大国要加强协调和合作，构建总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架，当好世界和平与稳定的压舱石。大国之间要尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切，坚持换位思考和相互理解，通过沟通和协商以建设性方式处理矛盾和分歧。大国对小国要平等相待，不搞唯我独尊、强买强卖的霸道。任何国家都不能随意发动战争，不能破坏国际法治，不能打开潘多拉盒子，出现矛盾和问题，要通过平等协商处理，以最大诚意和耐心，坚持对话解决。

　　Major countries are an important force for safeguarding world peace and stability, and key actors in building a new model of international relations. Major countries should fulfill their responsibilities commensurate with their status. The international status of a country is measured by its openness of mind, breadth of vision, and sense of responsibility rather than its size, strength or power. Major countries should direct their primary efforts to the future of humanity and assume greater responsibilities for world peace and development, rather than wielding their power to seek hegemony in international and regional affairs. The course of human history shows that for the strategies of major countries to be successful they must follow the trends of the times and win wide recognition from other countries and peoples.

　　Only through cooperation based on mutual respect and mutual benefit can major countries sustain human progress. Coordination and cooperation should be strengthened to build a stable and balanced framework of relations among major countries, which underpins world peace and stability. Major countries should respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, build deeper mutual understanding, and settle differences and disputes through constructive communication and consultation.

　　Big countries should treat small ones as equals rather than acting as hegemons imposing their will on others. No country should create havoc by launching ill-considered and arbitrary wars or undermining the international rule of law. Disputes and problems should be settled through dialogue and consultation on an equal footing and with the maximum sincerity and patience.

　　(四)推动新型经济全球化

　　4. Promoting a new model of economic globalization

　　经济全球化是世界经济发展的必然趋势，契合各国人民要发展、要合作的时代潮流。历史上的经济全球化，促成了贸易大繁荣、投资大便利、人员大流动、技术大发展，各国人民从中受益，为世界经济发展作出了重要贡献，同时也积存了不少问题和弊端，经济全球化出现“回头浪”。目前经济全球化模式，难以反映广大发展中国家呼声、体现广大发展中国家利益;“弱肉强食”的丛林法则和“你输我赢”“赢者通吃”的零和博弈，造成富者愈富、贫者愈贫，发达国家与发展中国家以及发达国家内部的贫富差距越拉越大(专栏12);个别国家把内部治理问题归咎于经济全球化，归咎于其他国家，动辄采取单边主义、保护主义、霸凌主义，破坏全球价值链、供应链、消费链，导致现有国际贸易秩序紊乱甚至冲突，使全球经济落入“衰退陷阱”。

　　Economic globalization is an irreversible consequence of global economic development. It conforms to the trend of the times towards development and cooperation. Economic globalization has greatly facilitated trade, investment, flows of people, and technological advances, and benefitted the peoples of all countries, making an important contribution to world economic development. However, it has also caused a number of problems and encountered some setbacks. The current model of economic globalization cannot reflect the voices or represent the interests of developing countries. The law of the jungle and zero-sum games featuring the practice of “winner-takes-all” have exacerbated the divide between the rich and poor, as evidenced by the widening gap between developed and developing countries, and the gap between the rich and poor within developed countries (see Box 12).

　　经济全球化出现一些问题并不可怕，不能因噎废食，动辄“退群”“脱钩”“筑墙”，改革完善才有出路，必须在前进中解决问题。各国应携起手来，总结历史经验与教训，加强协调、完善治理，推动开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的新型经济全球化。新型经济全球化，应由世界上各个国家共同参与、共同主导;应继续坚持和维护已经被实践充分证明是正确有效的贸易自由化、多边贸易体制等规则体制，并不断创新、完善和发展;应消除霸权主义与强权政治、丛林法则与零和博弈，秉持共商共建共享理念，真正实现民主、平等、公正、合理;应有利于建设开放型世界经济，有利于促进世界和平稳定，实现共同发展、共同繁荣、共同富裕。

　　Some countries have ascribed domestic governance problems to economic globalization or other countries, and resorted to unilateral, protectionist, and hegemonic actions. This approach has damaged the global value, supply and consumption chains, and caused turbulence and conflict in the current international trade order, driving the world economy towards the “recession trap”.

　　We should not be intimidated by the problems encountered by economic globalization. Withdrawing from international organizations and treaties, decoupling foreign trade relations, and building border walls lead us nowhere. Our problems can only be solved through a process of reform and self-improvement. All countries should join forces to draw lessons from history, strengthen coordination, enhance governance, and make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.

　　A new model of economic globalization should be developed and shaped by all countries. It should make innovations and improvements based on those rules and institutions that have proven effective in practice, such as trade liberalization and multilateral trade. It should eliminate hegemonism, power politics, the law of the jungle, and zero-sum games, uphold the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and realize democracy, equality, fairness and equity. It should help to build an open world economy, promote world peace and stability, and bring common development and prosperity.

　　当前正在发生的第四次科技革命，将对新一轮经济全球化和人类社会发展产生难以估量的深刻影响，既带来前所未有的发展机遇，也带来新的严峻挑战。各国应立即行动起来，以全人类命运与共的视野和远见，共同构建新的全球治理架构。要探索建立相关规则和标准，既有利于科学技术的创新发展，又坚守人类安全底线。要平衡照顾各国特别是发展中国家利益，不能仅以发达国家、个别国家的安全、标准要求全世界。要尊重各国主权，不搞技术霸权、不干涉他国内政，不从事、不纵容、不保护危害他国安全的技术活动。要坚持多边主义，在相互尊重、相互信任的基础上，广泛开展对话合作，构建和平安全、民主透明、包容普惠的技术规则体系和国际合作新框架。要维护社会公平正义，确保技术创新在法治轨道和公认的国际准则基础上运行，由人类主导、为人类服务、符合人类价值观。

　　The ongoing fourth technological revolution will have immeasurable impact on a new wave of economic globalization and on the development of human society, bringing unprecedented opportunities for development as well as serious challenges. All countries should join together and take prompt action in building a new framework for global governance with the vision of a global community of shared future. We need to establish relevant rules and standards that facilitate technological innovation and development while ensuring the bottom line of human security. We should accommodate the interests of all countries and in particular those of the developing countries. It is unfair to apply the standards and security rules of developed countries or individual countries to all the other countries. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of every country. No country should seek technological hegemony, interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, or engage in, connive in, or shield technological activities that undermine other countries’ security. Based on multilateralism, mutual respect and mutual trust, all countries should conduct extensive dialogue and cooperation, and build a system of technological rules and a framework for international cooperation that ensure peace, security, democracy, transparency, inclusiveness and benefits for all. It is necessary for all countries to uphold social equity and justice, place technological innovation under the rule of law and internationally recognized norms, and ensure that innovation is by the people, for the people, and consistent with human values.

　　(五)维护以联合国为核心的国际体系

　　5. Upholding the international system with the UN at its core

　　以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序，符合绝大多数国家利益，促进了世界和平与发展。为谋求一己之私，粗暴践踏国际法和国际关系基本准则，将会把世界推入混乱无序甚至对抗冲突的危险境地。权力如果横行霸道，正义就会消磨殆尽。国际社会应坚定地团结起来，坚决推进国际关系民主化，坚决维护人类赖以生存和发展的道德和法治规范，坚决维护国际公平和正义。

　　The international order underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter has accommodated the interests of the majority of countries and promoted world peace and development. Blatant violations of international law and the basic norms of international relations in pursuit of self-interest will plunge the world into a precarious situation characterized by chaos, confrontation and conflict. Hegemony will put justice in peril. The international community should work resolutely together to develop democratic international relations, safeguard the ethical and legal norms that are vital to human survival and development, and uphold international equity and justice.

　　联合国在当代全球治理体系中处于核心地位。《联合国宪章》是维护国际体系稳定、规范国家间行为的重要基石。当今世界发生的各种对抗和不公，不是因为《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则过时了，恰恰是由于这些宗旨和原则未能得到有效履行。维护联合国的权威与作用，就是维护国际社会共同利益和各国合法利益，就是维护全人类的美好未来。各国要坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，坚定维护以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基石的国际法和国际关系基本准则，坚定维护联合国在国际事务中的核心作用。

　　The UN is at the core of the global governance system. The UN Charter is the fundamental cornerstone for maintaining stability of the international system and regulating relations among countries. The world is experiencing confrontation and injustice in many different forms, not because the purposes and principles of the UN Charter are outdated, but because they have not been effectively fulfilled. Upholding the authority and role of the UN is key to protecting the common interests of the international community and the legitimate interests of individual countries, and to shaping a bright future for humanity. Therefore, all countries should uphold the international system centered on the UN, international law and the basic norms of international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and the central role of the UN in international affairs.

　　以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制是国际贸易的基石，为推动全球贸易发展、建设开放型世界经济、增进各国人民福祉发挥了中流砥柱作用。采取单边主义、保护主义的贸易政策，不符合市场规律，不符合国际规则，与世界贸易组织基本原则背道而驰，导致国际贸易萎缩，甚至可能引发全球性经济危机。各国应携起手来，坚定支持多边主义，旗帜鲜明地反对单边主义、保护主义，捍卫世界贸易组织核心地位和基本原则，维护自由、开放、非歧视的多边贸易体制，维护发展中成员合法权益和发展空间，建设开放型世界经济。

　　The multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core is the cornerstone of international trade. It has played a crucial role in promoting global trade, building an open world economy, and improving the wellbeing of the peoples of all countries. Unilateral and protectionist trade policies, which run counter to the laws of the market, international rules, and the basic principles of the WTO, will lead to shrinking global trade and may even trigger global economic crises. All countries should join together in support of multilateralism while firmly opposing unilateralism and protectionism. In building an open world economy, we should safeguard the WTO’s core role and basic principles and the multilateral trading system characterized by free trade, openness and non-discrimination, and protect the legitimate rights and development space of developing member states.

　　《巴黎气候变化协定》《核安全公约》《不扩散核武器条约》等国际公约，基于各方共识形成，符合世界各国利益，各缔约方都应严格履行，不能合则用、不合则弃。随意“退群”“退约”，既违反契约精神，也违背国际道义。遵守规则必须是公平的、双向的，不能采取“实用主义”“双重标准”，只要求别人，不要求自己。

　　The Paris Agreement on climate change, the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and other international treaties and agreements are based on the consensus of all parties and in accord with the interests of all countries. All signatories have the obligation to fulfill their commitments fully rather than selectively. Willful withdrawal from international organizations and treaties goes against the spirit of contract and international ethics. The rules should be observed in fairness and be mutually binding, and must not be compromised by “pragmatism” and double standards.

　　(六)推动文明交流互鉴

　　6. Promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations

　　文明是人类社会的基本标志，多样性是人类文明的基本特征，交流互鉴是人类文明发展的基本要求。几千年的人类社会发展史，就是人类文明发展史、交流史。世界是在人类各种文明的交流交融中走到今天的。人类社会越发展，越要加强文明交流互鉴，增进相互了解，促进民心相通。应对日益突出的全球性挑战，迈向人类更加美好的未来，既需要经济科技力量，也需要文化文明力量。

　　Civilization is an essential attribute of human society. Diversity is a primary characteristic of human civilization. Exchanges and mutual learning have been a basic driving force for progress in civilizations throughout the history of humanity for thousands of years. The world has become what it is today through communication and fusion among different civilizations. Further human development entails stronger exchanges and mutual learning among cultures and deeper mutual understanding among the peoples of different countries and closer people-to-people ties. Cultural progress is just as important as economic and technological development in addressing the increasingly pressing challenges we face and in moving humanity towards a better future.

　　秉持平等、多样、包容、开放的文明观。文明是多彩的，一个国家和民族的文明是一个国家和民族的集体记忆，不论是中华文明，还是世界上存在的其他文明，都是人类文明创造的成果。文明是平等的，世界上不存在十全十美的文明，也不存在一无是处的文明，文明没有高低优劣之分。文明是包容的，人类创造的文明都是劳动和智慧的结晶，一切文明成果都值得尊重，一切文明成果都要珍惜。认为自己的人种和文明高人一等，执意改造甚至取代其他文明，人为地制造文明冲突，在认识上是愚蠢的，在做法上是灾难性的，只能加剧文明间的隔阂，使世界陷入分裂与对抗。