政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国与世界》

　　政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国与世界》

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　　新时代的中国与世界

　　China and the World in the New Era

　　中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

　　The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

　　2019年9月

　　September 2019

　　目录

　　Contents

　　前言

　　Preface

　　一、中国走出一条符合国情的发展道路

　　I. China Has Found a Development Path Suited to Its Actual Conditions

　　二、中国的发展是世界的机遇

　　II. China’s Development Is an Opportunity for the World

　　三、建设繁荣美好世界是各国人民的共同梦想

　　III. A Prosperous and Beautiful World Is the Common Aspiration of All Peoples

　　四、中国为建设更加美好的世界贡献力量

　　IV. China Contributes to a Better World

　　结束语

　　Conclusion

　　前言

　　Preface

　　今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。

　　The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　70年来，在中国共产党领导下，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，创造了人类历史上前所未有的发展奇迹。中国用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的发展历程，经济总量跃居世界第二，近14亿人民摆脱了物质短缺，总体达到小康水平，享有前所未有的尊严和权利。这不仅是中国的巨大变化，也是人类社会的巨大进步，更是中国对世界和平与发展的巨大贡献。

　　Over the past 70 years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the PRC has witnessed profound changes and achieved a miracle of development unprecedented in human history. In just a few decades, China has completed a course that took developed countries several hundred years. China has now become the world’s second largest economy, taken care of the material needs of its nearly 1.4 billion people, and achieved moderate all-round prosperity. Its people enjoy dignity and rights previously unknown to them. This has brought tremendous change to China. It also represents remarkable progress for human society, and above all, a significant contribution on China’s part to world peace and development.

　　中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄的基本国情没有变，中国仍然面临一系列严峻挑战，中国人民还需要继续艰苦奋斗。

　　China remains the world’s largest developing country, with a large population and foundations that need to be further strengthened. Some of the fundamentals in China remain unchanged, and therefore China is still facing a raft of severe challenges. The Chinese people still have work to do.

　　当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，人类社会既充满希望，又充满挑战。世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化深入发展，和平与发展仍是时代主题，同时，全球深层次矛盾突出，不稳定性不确定性增多。构建人类命运共同体，建设更加美好的世界，是各国人民的共同愿望。

　　Today’s world is undergoing a level of profound change that has not been seen in a hundred years. Human society is full of both hope and challenges. Multipolarity, economic globalization, cultural diversity and information technology are extending their reach. Peace and development remain the themes of the times. At the same time, deep-seated problems are apparent throughout the world, with increasing instability and uncertainties. Building a global community of shared future and building a better world are the common aspirations of all peoples.

　　中国发展进入了新时代。中国对世界的影响，从未像今天这样全面、深刻、长远;世界对中国的关注，也从未像今天这样广泛、深切、聚焦。中国从哪里来、向哪里去?中国推动建设什么样的世界?发展起来的中国如何与世界相处?为回应外界关切，增进国际社会对中国发展的了解和理解，值此中华人民共和国成立70周年之际，中国政府发布此白皮书。

　　China has entered a new era of development. China now has an impact on the world that is ever more comprehensive, profound and long-lasting, and the world is paying ever greater attention to China. What path did China take? Where is China going? What are China’s goals in shaping the world? How will the developing China interact with the rest of the world? On the occasion of this 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government is publishing this white paper to respond to the world’s questions about China, and to help the international community better understand China’s development.

　　一、中国走出一条符合国情的发展道路

　　I. China Has Found a Development Path Suited to Its Actual Conditions

　　中国是有着5000多年文明史的大国，历史上曾长期走在世界前列。近代以后，中国陷入积贫积弱、内忧外患甚至亡国亡种的危险境地。中国人民始终不屈不挠、奋力抗争，始终梦想实现国家富强、民族复兴、人民幸福。在中国共产党领导下，中国人民经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，在半殖民地半封建社会基础上建立起新中国，实现了民族独立和人民解放，中华民族进入了发展新纪元。70年来，中国人民艰辛探索、砥砺前行，在中华民族5000多年历史文化的传承中，在总结社会主义500年、近代以来中华民族由衰到盛170多年的经验教训基础上，在中国革命、建设和改革的伟大实践中，成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。

　　China is a large country with a 5,000-year-old civilization. Over a long period of history, it ranked among the most advanced countries in the world. In modern times, China was reduced to poverty and weakness, threatened by domestic strife and foreign aggression, and even confronted with complete demise. Through unrelenting struggle, the Chinese dream of prosperity and rejuvenation for their country, and happiness for the people. In 1949, under the CPC’s leadership, they founded the PRC, turning a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society into a completely new one, and achieving national independence and the liberation of the people. China then entered a new epoch of development. Over the past 70 years it has been moving forward against all odds, and exploring its path to development. Based on the 5,000-year-old Chinese culture, the experience and lessons from the birth of socialism, the fall-to-rise turnaround of the Chinese nation in 170 years, and the history of revolution, construction and reform, the Chinese people have opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieved remarkable outcomes.

　　(一)中国发展靠的是自力更生、艰苦奋斗

　　1. China’s development lies in self-reliance and hard work

　　新中国成立之初，面对的是一个经历100多年战乱、满目疮痍的烂摊子，国家一穷二白，人民生活极端贫困，工农业基础十分薄弱，国民经济几近崩溃。中国人民求生存、谋发展，难度之大超出想象。70年来，中国人民白手起家、自力更生、艰苦奋斗，干出了一片新天地。

　　In the early days of the PRC, following a century of war and chaos, the country and the people were in dire poverty, the industrial and agricultural foundations were weak, and the economy was on the verge of collapse. The people faced unimaginable difficulties in seeking survival and development. Over the seven decades that followed, through self-reliance and hard work they rebuilt the country from nothing, and have opened up new horizons.

　　经济实力显著增强。从1952年至2018年，中国工业增加值从120亿元增加到305160亿元，按不变价格计算增长970倍，年均增长11%;国内生产总值从679亿元增加到90万亿元，按不变价计算增长174倍，年均增长8.1%;人均国内生产总值从119元增加到2018年的64644元，按不变价计算增长70倍。根据世界银行数据，按市场汇率计算，2018年中国经济规模为13.6万亿美元，仅次于美国的20.5万亿美元。目前，中国是世界上唯一拥有联合国产业分类目录中所有工业门类的国家，多项工业品产量居世界第一。科技发展成就显著，“两弹一星”、载人航天、超级杂交水稻、高性能计算机、人工合成牛胰岛素、青蒿素、高速铁路等重大科技成果，为经济社会发展提供了有力支撑。对外贸易持续增加，2009年中国成为全球最大货物出口国、第二大货物进口国，2013年成为全球货物贸易第一大国。改革开放以来，中国引进外资大幅增加，日益成为吸引全球投资热土。中国已经成为世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、商品消费第二大国、外资流入第二大国、外汇储备第一大国(表1)。

　　China’s economic strength has greatly increased. From 1952 to 2018, China’s industrial added value increased from RMB12 billion to RMB30.5 trillion, up 970 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 11 percent. GDP increased from RMB67.9 billion to RMB90 trillion, up 174 times at constant prices, with an average annual growth rate of 8.1 percent, and per capita GDP increased from RMB119 to RMB64,644, up 70 times at constant prices. According to World Bank statistics, at market exchange rates China’s economy in 2018 was worth US$13.6 trillion, second only to the US economy which was worth US$20.5 trillion. Currently, China is the only country that possesses all the sections in the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), with the output of many industrial products ranking first in the world.

　　China has made remarkable progress in technology. Significant achievements such as nuclear bombs, ballistic missiles, manmade satellites, manned spaceflight, super hybrid rice, supercomputers, synthetic bovine insulin, artemisinin, and high-speed rail, have provided strong support for social and economic development.

　　China’s foreign trade has been increasing constantly. In 2009, China became the world’s largest exporter of goods and second largest importer of goods; in 2013, China became the world’s largest trader in goods. Since reform and opening up in 1978, foreign investment in China has seen a substantial increase, and China has become very attractive to global investment. China has become the world’s second largest economy, largest manufacturer, largest trader in goods, second largest consumer of commodities, second largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI), and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves (see Table 1).

　　人民生活极大改善。经过长期努力，中国人民从饥寒交迫、解决温饱到实现总体小康，正在迈向全面小康(表2)。按照现行农村贫困标准计算，中国农村贫困人口从1978年的7.7亿人，下降到2018年的1660万人，农村贫困发生率从97.5%下降到1.7%，下降了95.8个百分点(图1)，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹(专栏1)。中国初步构建起世界上规模最大、覆盖人口最多，包括养老、医疗、低保、住房、教育等民生领域的社会保障体系。2018年末，全国参加城镇职工基本养老保险人数41902万人，参加失业保险人数19643万人，参加工伤保险人数23874万人，基本养老保险覆盖超过9亿人，基本医疗保险覆盖超过13亿人，基本实现全民医保。70年前，中国人均预期寿命35岁，2018年达到77岁，远高于世界平均预期寿命72岁。70年来，中国人民的精神面貌发生深刻变化，中华民族优秀传统文化充分弘扬，当代中国价值观念广泛传播，中国人民的精神生活更加丰富、更加活跃。美国波士顿咨询公司发布的全球民生福祉报告显示，过去10年中，中国排名上升25位，在受调查的152个国家中进步最快。(注1)

　　The Chinese people’s lives have been greatly improved. A persevering effort has provided the Chinese people with adequate food and clothing, and made it possible for them to live decent lives and move towards a moderately prosperous society in all respects (see Table 2). China’s rural population living under the current poverty line decreased from 770 million in 1978 to 16.6 million in 2018, and China’s rural poverty incidence dropped from 97.5 percent to 1.7 percent, down by 95.8 percentage points (see Figure 1). This is an outstanding achievement in the history of poverty reduction (see Box 1).

　　China has established a preliminary social security system covering elderly care, medical care, minimum subsistence, housing, and education – the largest in scale and covering the largest population in the world. By the end of 2018:

　　Participants in urban workers’ basic elderly care insurance numbered 419 million;

　　Participants in unemployment insurance numbered 196 million;

　　Participants in work injury compensation insurance numbered 239 million;

　　Basic elderly care insurance covered more than 900 million people;

　　Basic medical insurance covered more than 1.3 billion people, almost everyone in the country.

　　Over the past 70 years, China’s life expectancy has increased from 35 in 1949 to 77 in 2018, higher than the world’s average of 72. Over the past 70 years, the Chinese people have witnessed profound changes in their mindset. They have carried forward fine traditional Chinese culture, spread modern Chinese values, and enriched and invigorated their cultural life. According to a global wellbeing report released by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in 2018, in the past decade, China’s ranking rose by 25 places, the fastest rate among the 152 countries covered.1

　　国际地位和国际影响力显著提升。1971年，中国恢复在联合国的合法席位，以更加积极的姿态在国际事务中发挥作用。1980年4月和5月，中国先后恢复了在国际货币基金组织和世界银行的合法席位。2001年，中国加入世界贸易组织，更加广泛深入地参与国际经贸交流与合作。中国在国际社会广交朋友，已与179个国家建立外交关系，建立了110对各种形式的伙伴关系。中共十八大以来，中国提出推动构建人类命运共同体、共建“一带一路”的倡议，载入联合国多项决议，得到国际社会广泛认同和积极响应。

　　China’s international position and influence have greatly improved. In 1971, China recovered its legitimate seat in the United Nations and began to play a more active role in international affairs. In April and May 1980, China recovered its legitimate seats in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) and began to participate more extensively and deeply in international economic and trade exchanges and cooperation. China has been making friends in the international community, having established diplomatic relations with 179 countries, and 110 partnerships of various types. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has proposed a global community of shared future and the Belt and Road Initiative, which have been written into many UN resolutions and have won extensive recognition and a warm response from the international community.

　　中国的发展成就是辛辛苦苦干出来的。对于中国这样一个有着近14亿人口的大国，好日子等不来、要不来，唯有奋斗，别无他路。中国的发展，靠的是“8亿件衬衫换一架波音”的实干精神，几代人驰而不息、接续奋斗，付出别人难以想象的辛劳和汗水;靠的是“自己的担子自己扛”的担当精神，无论顺境还是逆境，不输出问题，不转嫁矛盾，不通过强买强卖、掠夺别国发展自己;靠的是“摸着石头过河”的探索精神，不走帝国主义、殖民主义老路，不照搬西方国家发展模式，而是结合中国实际、总结经验教训、借鉴人类文明，敢闯敢试，走出一条自己的路。

　　China’s successes have been achieved through hard work. A large country with a nearly 1.4 billion population, China cannot achieve prosperity by asking for assistance and waiting. The only option is hard work. China relied on the solid and unremitting efforts of generations of Chinese people, which is represented in the typical case of “800 million shirts in exchange for a Boeing airplane”. China relied on fulfilling its own responsibility in good times and in adversity, without exporting or shifting problems elsewhere, and without seeking development by trading under coercion or exploiting other countries. China relied on a pioneering spirit, like crossing the river by feeling for stones, neither retracing the steps of imperialism and colonialism, nor copying the development model of Western countries, but blazing its own path with bold experiments, based on its own conditions, experience and lessons as well as the achievements of other civilizations.

　　(二)中国在与世界的联系互动中发展

　　2. China is developing through interaction with the world

　　中国是世界的中国，中国的发展与世界紧密相连。新中国成立初期，努力打破外部封锁，积极开展经贸、文化等领域对外交流。改革开放以来，中国积极顺应全球化潮流，坚持对外开放基本国策，打开国门搞建设，拥抱世界、学习世界、贡献世界，与世界良好互动、共同发展。

　　China is a part of the world, and China’s development is closely related to the rest of the world. In the early days after the founding of the PRC, China made great efforts to break an external blockade, actively conducting economic, trade and cultural exchanges with other countries. Since reform and opening up in 1978, following the trend of globalization and promoting opening up as a fundamental state policy, China has been seeking development with its door open. China has embraced the world, learned from the world, and contributed to the world, through positive interaction and shared development.

　　大规模“请进来”。打开大门的中国充满生机与活力，国际社会看好中国发展，越来越多的国家与中国开展合作，越来越多的外国企业来中国投资兴业，越来越多的外国人士来中国学习工作、观光旅游。1978年至2018年，中国累计吸引非金融类外商直接投资20343亿美元，累计设立近100万家外商投资企业。2018年，有49.2万余名外国留学人员来华学习。加入世界贸易组织后，中国参与经济全球化提质增速(专栏2)。2001年至2018年，中国货物贸易进口额从2436亿美元增至21358亿美元，年均增长13.6%，高于全球平均水平6.8个百分点;服务贸易进口额从393亿美元增至5250亿美元，年均增长16.5%，占全球服务贸易进口总额的9.4%。

　　“Bringing in” on a large scale. Its door open, China is full of vigor. The international community takes an optimistic view of China. More and more countries are establishing cooperation with China; more and more foreign enterprises are injecting investments and starting businesses in China; more and more foreigners are coming to study, work and travel in China. From 1978 to 2018, China attracted a total of more than US$2 trillion in non-financial FDI, and nearly 1 million foreign-invested enterprises were set up in the country. In 2018, almost half a million foreign students came to study in China. Since its accession to the WTO in 2001, China’s participation in economic globalization has delivered more substantial and speedy outcomes (see Box 2). From 2001 to 2018, China’s imports of goods increased from US$244 billion to US$2.1 trillion. The rise was 13.6 percent per annum on average, 6.8 percentage points higher than the global average. China’s imports of services increased from US$39.3 billion to US$525 billion, up by a yearly average of 16.5 percent and accounting for 9.4 percent of the global total.

　　大踏步“走出去”。从经贸投资到人文交流，从官方到民间，中国以前所未有的速度、广度和深度走向世界，开展全方位、宽领域、多层次的对外交流合作。对外投资合作持续健康发展，投资层次和水平不断提升，2018年，中国对外直接投资1430.4亿美元，是2002年的53倍，年均增长28.2%。对外贸易逐年增长，从1978年至2018年，中国对外贸易累计达到521921.1亿美元;2018年，货物贸易和服务贸易出口额分别达到24867亿美元、2668亿美元。近年来，中国连续保持世界第一大出境旅游客源国地位，2018年，中国公民出境旅游近1.5亿人次。

　　“Going out” in great strides. From economic and trade investment to cultural exchanges, from government cooperation to people-to-people exchanges, China has been conducting all-dimensional, wide-ranging and multi-level exchanges and cooperation with other countries, going global faster, further, and more extensively than ever before. China’s foreign investment and cooperation has seen sound and sustained improvement in quality and scale. In 2018, China’s overseas investment reached US$143 billion, up by a factor of 53 since 2002, a yearly average growth of 28.2 percent. China’s foreign trade has been growing year by year. From 1978 to 2018, China’s foreign trade amounted to US$52.2 trillion; in 2018, China’s exports of goods were US$2.5 trillion and its exports of services US$267 billion. In recent years, China has maintained its position as the world’s largest source of overseas tourists; in 2018, Chinese outbound tourists numbered nearly 150 million.

　　发展自己、造福世界。对外开放为中国带来了资金、先进技术和管理经验，转变了中国人民的思想观念，激发了中国人民的创造热情，显著提升了中国的现代化建设水平。同时，中国的开放发展，为其他国家提供了广阔市场。中国开放投资与服务贸易，促进了当地经济增长和就业。中国积极参与国际分工，推动全球资源配置更加合理。中国出口产品品质优良，满足了国际市场需求，减少了民众支出，降低了通胀压力。中国人足迹遍及全球，极大促进了中外交流互鉴。

　　Developing the country while benefiting the world. Opening up has brought funds, advanced technologies and managerial experience to China, changed the mindset of the Chinese people and boosted their creativity, and helped China to modernize. At the same time, China’s opening up has provided a broad market for other countries. The opening of China’s investment and service trade has facilitated local economic growth and employment in the countries concerned. China has been an active participant in the international division of labor, resulting in more rational global resource allocation. China’s high-quality exports have met international market demand, reduced living costs in recipient countries, and relieved their inflationary pressure. The Chinese people now travel all over the world, which has greatly enriched cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and other countries.

　　(三)中国发展为世界和平与发展注入了正能量

　　3. China has injected positive energy into world peace and development

　　中国道路既有鲜明的中国特色，又有宽广高远的世界眼光和深厚博大的人类情怀。70年来，中国人民自力更生、艰苦奋斗，在实现自我发展的同时，为世界和平作出了贡献，为各国共同发展注入了动力。

　　China’s development path has unique Chinese characteristics, and a broad and farsighted global vision. It is dedicated to the interests of all of humanity. Over the past 70 years, while working hard to realize their own development, the Chinese people have contributed to world peace and added momentum to the common development of all countries.

　　中国为世界和平与发展贡献智慧。新中国成立之初，确立了独立自主的和平外交政策，为战后国际格局注入了和平能量。20世纪50年代，中国同印度、缅甸共同倡导的互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则，成为国际关系基本准则和国际法基本原则，有力维护了广大发展中国家权益，为推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济秩序发挥了重要作用。近年来，中国着眼国际形势发展变化，提出推动构建人类命运共同体、推动构建新型国际关系、共建“一带一路”、正确义利观、新安全观、全球治理观、文明观等一系列重要理念、重要倡议，为维护世界和平、促进共同发展贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

　　China contributes solutions to world peace and development. In the early days of the PRC, China established its independent foreign policy of peace, which contributed to global peace after World War II. In the 1950s, China, India and Myanmar jointly proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence). These have become basic norms for international relations and fundamental principles of international law. China has safeguarded the interests of developing countries, playing an important role in building a fair and equitable international political and economic order. In recent years, China has proposed a raft of significant international concepts and initiatives, including a global community of shared future, a new model of international relations, the Belt and Road Initiative, the principle of upholding the greater good and pursuing shared interests, a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance, and the principles of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between civilizations. These proposals have contributed Chinese wisdom and solutions to protecting world peace and promoting common development.

　　中国以实际行动维护世界和平。70年来，中国没有主动挑起过任何一场战争和冲突，没有侵占过别国一寸土地。改革开放以来，中国主动裁减军队员额400余万。中国积极参与国际军控、裁军和防扩散进程，反对军备竞赛，维护全球战略平衡与稳定。中国签署或加入《不扩散核武器条约》等20个多边军控、裁军和防扩散条约。中国已成为联合国第二大维和预算摊款国和经常性预算会费国，是安理会常任理事国第一大出兵国(专栏3)。2015年起，中国宣布设立为期10年、总额10亿美元的中国-联合国和平与发展基金，并于2016年正式投入运行。中国始终致力于通过谈判、协商方式处理领土问题和海洋划界争端，同14个邻国中的12个国家彻底解决了陆地边界问题，划定了中越北部湾海上界线，为和平解决国家间历史遗留问题以及国际争端开辟了崭新道路。中国积极参与重大国际和地区热点问题解决，发挥了建设性作用。

　　China safeguards world peace through real actions. Over the past 70 years, China has not provoked a single war or conflict, nor invaded a single square of foreign land. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has cut its armed forces by over 4 million. China has been an active participant of international arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation, opposing any arms race and safeguarding global strategic balance and stability. China has signed or joined more than 20 treaties on multilateral arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation, including the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. China has become the second largest contributor to both the regular and peacekeeping budgets of the UN, and the largest troop contributor among the permanent members of the UN Security Council (see Box 3). In 2015, China announced that it would set up a ten-year, US$1 billion China-UN Peace and Development Fund, which was officially put it into operation in 2016. China has always been dedicated to resolving territorial and maritime delimitation disputes through negotiation and consultation. China has achieved full resolution of land border delimitation problems with 12 of its 14 neighboring countries, and delineated the China-Vietnam maritime boundary in the Beibu Gulf. This has broken new ground for settling inter-country issues carried over from history as well as other international disputes. China has played a constructive role in settling major international and regional issues.

　　中国积极促进全球共同发展。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国一直是全球减贫与发展事业的倡导者、推动者和践行者。在致力于实现自身发展、消除贫困的同时，积极开展南南合作，向其他发展中国家提供不附加任何政治条件的援助，支持和帮助广大发展中国家特别是最不发达国家消除贫困。中国开展对外援助60多年来，共向166个国家和国际组织提供近4000亿元人民币援助，派遣60多万名援助人员，700多人为他国发展献出了宝贵生命。先后7次宣布无条件免除重债穷国和最不发达国家对华到期政府无息贷款债务。中国积极向亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区、大洋洲的69个国家提供医疗援助，先后为120多个发展中国家落实联合国千年发展目标提供帮助。积极参与联合国2030年可持续发展议程磋商，全面做好国内落实工作，率先发布落实议程的国别方案和进展报告，在多个领域实现早期收获。在南南合作框架下，为其他发展中国家落实议程提供帮助。中国-联合国和平与发展基金2030年可持续发展议程子基金3年来成功实施27个项目，惠及49个亚非拉国家，为全球落实议程注入强大动力。2015年，中国宣布设立南南合作援助基金，截至2018年，已在亚洲、非洲、美洲等地区30多个国家实施了200余个有关救灾、卫生、妇幼、难民、环保等领域的发展合作项目。

　　China promotes common development worldwide. As the world’s largest developing country, China has always been an advocate, practitioner and promoter of global poverty reduction and development. In pursuit of these goals, China conducts South-South cooperation, providing to other developing countries assistance with no political conditions attached, and supporting and helping them, particularly the least developed countries (LDCs), in eliminating poverty.

　　Over the six decades since China began to provide foreign assistance in the early 1950s, it has provided 166 countries and international organizations with nearly RMB400 billion in aid, and dispatched over 600,000 aid workers, of whom more than 700 sacrificed their lives for the development of other countries. On seven occasions, China has canceled debt from interest-free government loans to heavily indebted poor countries and the LDCs. China has provided medical aid to 69 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and provided aid to more than 120 developing countries for implementing the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.

　　China has been actively engaged in the consultations on the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, ensuring its full implementation of the agenda. It was the first country to issue a national plan and a progress report on implementation, and has achieved early outcomes in many fields. Within the framework of South-South cooperation, China has provided assistance to other developing countries for their implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Over the three years since the China-UN Peace and Development Fund went into operation in 2016, China has put in place 27 programs under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund, which have benefited 49 Asian, African and Latin American countries and added a powerful engine for the global implementation of the 2030 Agenda. In 2015, China announced that it would set up the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund (SSCAF). By 2018, in more than 30 Asian, African and American countries, China had launched over 200 development cooperation programs under the SSCAF on disaster relief, healthcare, protection of women and children, refugee relief, and environmental protection.

　　(四)中国道路符合中国国情、适应时代要求

　　4. China’s development path conforms to reality and the requirements of the times

　　道路决定命运，发展道路的选择对一个国家的兴衰成败至关重要。一个有着近14亿人口的大国实现现代化，在人类历史上没有先例可循，中国必须走一条属于自己的道路。70年来，中国发展取得巨大成功，根本原因就是找到了中国特色社会主义这条正确发展道路并且沿着这条道路坚定不移地走下去。

　　The choice of path is critical to the successful development of a country. As a vast country with a nearly 1.4 billion population, China has no experience of modernization to borrow from in history, but has to blaze its own path. Over the past 70 years, China has achieved great success. The ultimate reason is that China has found and will continue on the right path – socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　这是一条从本国国情出发确立的道路。中国立足自身国情和实践，从中华文明中汲取智慧，博采东西方各家之长，坚守但不僵化，借鉴但不照搬，在不断探索中形成了自己的发展道路。

　　It is a path based on China’s actual conditions. Reflecting on its reality and history, and through experimentation, China has drawn wisdom from its own culture and learned from the strengths of other cultures, both Eastern and Western. China sticks to its choice of path, but is never rigidly opposed to change; China borrows experience, but never copies unthinkingly.

　　这是一条把人民利益放在首位的道路。在新中国，人民真正当家做了主人。70年来，中国秉持以人民为中心的发展思想，把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，把改善人民生活、增进人民福祉、保障人民民主权利作为出发点和落脚点，在人民中寻找发展动力、依靠人民推动发展、使发展造福人民。

　　It is a path prioritizing the people’s interests. In the PRC, the people run the country in the real sense. For 70 years, China has upheld a philosophy of people-centered development, directing all its undertakings towards fulfilling the people’s aspiration for a better life and protecting their democratic rights. China seeks driving forces among the people, promoting development relying on the people, and benefiting the people through development.

　　这是一条改革创新的道路。中国的发展没有现成模式可以套用，没有现成道路可以借鉴。中国人民拼搏进取、敢闯敢试，通过改革创新破解前进中遇到的困难和挑战，破除妨碍发展的体制机制障碍，不断解放和发展社会生产力，不断解放和增强社会活力，不断完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

　　It is a path of reform and innovation. There is no ready-made solution to the development issues facing China. Working diligently and exploring boldly, the Chinese people have resolved difficulties and challenges through reform and innovation, and removing institutional obstacles hindering development. The purpose is to unleash and develop productivity and social vitality, to improve and develop Chinese socialism, and to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance.

　　这是一条在开放中谋求共同发展的道路。中国坚持对外开放基本国策，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不断提升发展的内外联动性，在实现自身发展的同时更多惠及其他国家和人民，实现了从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大历史转折，参与和推进了经济全球化进程，促进了人类和平与发展的崇高事业。

　　It is a path of seeking common development through opening up. China upholds the fundamental state policy of opening up, and pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. China has promoted interconnected development. While developing itself, China has shared its fruit with other countries and peoples. It has realized a historic evolutionary process from being completely closed, through being semi-closed, to being comprehensively open. China is an active participant and promoter of economic globalization, facilitating peace and development for humanity.

　　这是一条全面依法治国的道路。中国把依法治国作为国家治理的基本方略，坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进，坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设，为国家发展提供根本性、全局性、长期性的制度保障，确保国家在深刻变革中既生机勃勃又井然有序，确保国家长治久安。

　　It is a path of law-based governance. China practices the rule of law as a fundamental principle in governing the country. China pursues coordinated progress in law-based governance of the country, law-based exercise of state power and law-based administration in the government. Rule of law is a fundamental, overall and long-lasting institutional guarantee for China’s development. Rule of law ensures a vigorous and orderly society in times of profound change, and ensures lasting peace and stability.

　　70年来，中国发展之所以成功，最根本在于中国共产党的领导。中国体量巨大、国情复杂，治理难度世所罕见，没有集中统一、坚强有力的领导力量，中国将走向分裂和解体，给世界带来灾难。中国共产党成为中国的核心领导力量长期执政并得到人民拥护，在于立党初心不为一党之私，而是为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴、为人类谋和平与发展并长期坚守;在于不断加强自身建设，有坚强领导核心，有科学理论引领，有严明纪律规矩，有选贤任能机制，保持了党的稳定性、先进性、纯洁性;在于既有国家长远发展的战略规划能力，又有具体政策的强大执行能力;在于与时俱进、开明开放，既不忘本来又吸收外来，具有强大的凝聚力、组织力和号召力。

　　Over the past 70 years, China’s success boils down to the CPC’s leadership. Due to China’s vast territory and complicated national conditions, the governance of China is uniquely difficult. Without centralized, unified and firm leadership, China would have tended towards division and disintegration and caused widespread chaos beyond its own borders. The CPC is China’s core leadership, ruling the country for long and supported by the people. The reason lies in its founding mission of pursuing happiness for the people, realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promoting peace and development for humanity, rather than seeking its own interests. The reason lies in its capacity for self-improvement, and in its firm leadership core, effective theories, strict discipline and improved mechanisms for selecting upright and competent officials, which have ensured that the Party remains stable, progressive and clean. The reason lies in its strategic planning for the long-term development of the country and its competence in implementing specific policies. The reason lies in its open-minded ability to adapt to changing times, carrying forward its own heritage while absorbing the strengths of others, and in its ability to unite, organize and inspire the people.

　　70年来，中国战胜了各种风险和挑战，创造了一个又一个举世瞩目的中国奇迹。特别是中共十八大以来，中国发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，比历史上任何时候都更接近民族复兴的伟大目标。中国的这条发展道路，将随着时代前进越来越显示出光明的发展前景(专栏4)。

　　Over the past 70 years, China has defused many risks and overcome many challenges, and marched forward step after step. In particular, since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has witnessed historic achievements and changes. The Chinese nation has risen and become prosperous, and is becoming strong, closer to the goal of national rejuvenation than ever before. China’s development path will look on brighter and brighter prospects as time moves on (see Box 4).

　　经过70年发展，中国取得了巨大成就，但中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，中国是世界上最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变。解决好人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，让近14亿人民都过上富裕的日子，仍然有很长的路要走，仍然需要付出长期艰苦的努力。

　　Through 70 years of development, China has achieved remarkable progress. However, the basic dimension of the Chinese context – that China is still and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism – has not changed. China’s status as the world’s largest developing country has not changed. If it is to relieve the strain between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, and ensure that its nearly 1.4 billion people enjoy a decent level of prosperity, China still has a long road to travel.

　　二、中国的发展是世界的机遇

　　II. China’s Development Is an Opportunity for the World

　　随着中国综合国力和国际影响力快速提升，国际上有些人担心中国会走“国强必霸”的路子，一些人提出了所谓的“中国威胁论”。这既有认知上的误读，有根深蒂固的偏见，也有力量消长带来的心理失衡，还有出于维护自身既得利益的刻意歪曲。实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福，既是中国人民的梦想，也是各国人民的共同梦想。中国的发展对世界是机遇，不是威胁和挑战。

　　With the rapid increase of China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence, some people worry that China will fulfill the outdated expectation that a country will invariably seek hegemony when it grows strong, so they have created what they call the “China threat” theory. The causes of this theory include cognitive misunderstanding, deep-rooted prejudice, a psychological imbalance brought about by the prospect of falling power, and deliberate distortions by vested interests. To realize national prosperity, rejuvenation, and people’s happiness is a dream shared by the Chinese with peoples of other countries. Rather than a threat or challenge, China’s development is an opportunity for the world.

　　(一)中国是世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源

　　1. China is the main stabilizing force and power source of the world economy

　　1979年至2018年，中国经济以年均9.4%的速度快速发展，成为全球经济增长的重要引擎。2008年，全球遭遇严重金融危机，世界经济受到重创，中国采取一系列有效措施成功应对危机，经济迅速回升向好，并持续保持中高速增长，成为世界经济增长的主要稳定器和动力源。

　　From 1979 to 2018 China’s economy grew rapidly at an average annual rate of 9.4 percent, and became an important engine of global economic growth. In 2008, the world suffered a serious financial crisis and the world economy was hit hard. Through a series of effective measures to deal with the crisis, China’s economy recovered rapidly and continued to maintain a medium- and high-speed growth. As a result, China became the main stabilizing force and power source of the world economy.

　　中国是世界经济增长的最大贡献者。中共十八大以来，中国贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，适应、把握、引领经济发展新常态，加强供给侧结构性改革，经济保持持续健康发展，质量和效益不断提升。近三年，中国经济总量连续跨越70万、80万和90万亿元大关，占世界经济的比重接近16%。2013-2018年，中国对世界经济增长的平均贡献率超过28.1%。有关测算结果表明，2013-2016年，如果没有中国因素，世界经济年均增速将放缓0.6个百分点，波动强度将提高5.2%。麦肯锡全球研究院发布报告认为，2000-2017年，世界对中国经济的综合依存度指数从0.4逐步上升至1.2，中国贡献了全球制造业总产出的35%。(注2)

　　China is the biggest contributor to world economic growth. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, China has implemented the concepts of innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development. It has adapted to, steered, and led the new normal of economic development, strengthened supply-side structural reform, and maintained a sustainable and healthy economic development with increasing quality and efficiency. In the past three years, China’s economic aggregate has exceeded RMB70, 80, and 90 trillion successively, accounting for nearly 16 percent of the world economy. From 2013 to 2018, China contributed more than 28 percent of world economic growth on average. Estimates show that without China, the average annual growth rate of the world economy from 2013 to 2016 would have slowed by 0.6 percentage point and the intensity of fluctuation would have increased by 5.2 percent. According to a report released by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the aggregate index of the world’s exposure to China’s economy gradually rose from 0.4 to 1.2 between 2000 and 2017, with China accounting for 35 percent of global manufacturing output.5

　　中国科技创新为世界经济增长注入新动能。近年来，中国科技领域投入不断增加，重大科技创新成果不断涌现。2018年，中国研发支出占GDP的比重为2.19%。世界知识产权组织等发布的全球创新指数显示，2019年，中国国家创新能力排名升至全球第14位，比2018年前进3名(专栏5)，成为唯一进入前20名的中等收入经济体。(注3)在高科技领域，中国正在实现赶超，量子通信、超级计算、航空航天、人工智能、第五代移动通信网络(5G)、移动支付、新能源汽车、高速铁路、金融科技等处于世界领先地位。中国的科技创新成果广泛应用，为其他国家人民生产生活带来更多便利，为世界经济增长注入了新动能。

　　China’s scientific and technological innovations have injected new momentum into world economic growth. In recent years, investment in the field of science and technology in China has been increasing, and major scientific and technological innovations have emerged. In 2018, China’s R&D spending accounted for 2.19 percent of GDP. According to the Global Innovation Index (GII) released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and other organizations, China continued its rise in 2019, moving from 17th in 2018 to 14th (see Box 5); it is the only middle-income economy in the top 20.6 In the field of high technology, China is catching up and getting ahead. Quantum communications, supercomputing, aerospace, artificial intelligence, fifth-generation mobile network technology (5G), mobile payment, new energy vehicles, high-speed rail, and financial technology are sectors in which China leads the world. China’s innovations in science and technology have been widely applied, bringing more convenience to the work and daily life of people of other countries, and injecting new momentum into world economic growth.

　　未来中国经济的稳定器和动力源作用更加凸显。当前世界经济增长动力不足，稳健的中国经济对世界越来越重要。中国经济正由高速增长转向高质量发展，新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化加快推进，经济结构深度调整，产业优化持续升级，新经济增长点不断涌现。2018年，中国常住人口城镇化率达到59.6%，未来人口城镇化水平将稳步提高，城镇常住人口继续增加，带来基础设施、地产、新零售、医疗卫生、教育、文化娱乐等多个领域的广泛需求，为经济发展提供重要引擎。新产业新业态快速崛起，2018年，高技术制造业、战略性新兴产业和装备制造业增加值分别比上年增长11.7%、8.9%和8.1%;新能源汽车、智能电视、锂离子电池和集成电路分别增长66.2%、17.7%、12.9%和11.2%;信息服务业同比增速高达30.7%，移动游戏、网络购物、约车平台、旅游平台、大数据云计算等子行业增速达30%-50%，每个子行业都诞生了一批独角兽企业。麦肯锡全球研究院的研究报告认为，到2040年，中国和世界其他经济体彼此融合有望创造22万亿至37万亿美元经济价值，相当于全球经济总量的15%-26%，世界其他经济体和中国加强合作，将会创造出巨大的经济价值。(注4)