政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《新时代的中国与世界》

　　In the future, China will become more prominent in its role as a stabilizing force and power source. Currently, the world economy lacks momentum for growth, and the solidity of the Chinese economy is becoming more and more important to the world. China’s economy is changing from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and new industrialization, information technology application, urbanization and agricultural modernization are gathering speed. The economic structure is undergoing a profound adjustment, industrial upgrading is continuing, and new economic growth areas are constantly emerging. The urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 59.6 percent in 2018 and will increase steadily. The number of permanent urban residents will continue to increase. This will bring a wide range of needs in various areas, such as infrastructure, real estate, new retail, medical treatment and public health, education, culture and entertainment, and provide an important engine for economic development. New industries and business forms are emerging. In 2018, the added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 11.7 percent over the previous year. Corresponding figures for strategic emerging industries and equipment manufacturing were 8.9 percent and 8.1 percent. New energy vehicles, intelligent televisions, lithium-ion batteries and integrated circuits increased by 66.2, 17.7, 12.9 and 11.2 percent, respectively. The growth rate of the information service industry is as high as 30.7 percent, and the growth rate of mobile games, online shopping, ride-sharing platforms, travel platforms, big data cloud computing and other sub-industries is 30 to 50 percent. Each sub-industry has given birth to a number of “unicorn” enterprises. According to an MGI report, by 2040, the integration between China and the rest of the world is expected to drive economic value of US$22 trillion to US$37 trillion, equivalent to 15 to 26 percent of global GDP. Strengthened cooperation between China and other countries will create enormous economic value.9

　　中国经济与世界经济已经发生结构性变化，深度融合在一起。经济运行更稳定、增长质量更高、增长前景可期的中国，对世界经济发展是长期利好(专栏6)。把中国经济发展看作“威胁”和“挑战”，试图把中国挤出全球产业链、供应链、价值链，使中国与世界经济“脱钩”，既不可行，而且有害。

　　China’s economy and the world economy have undergone structural changes and are deeply integrated. China, which has a more stable economy, higher quality of growth, and promising growth prospects, contributes to the development of the world economy in the long run (see Box 6). It is both unrealistic and harmful to regard China’s economic development as a “threat” or “challenge” and try to squeeze China out of the global industrial chain, supply chain and value chain so as to “detach” China from the world economy.

　　(二)全方位对外开放为各国分享“中国红利”创造更多机会

　　2. All-round opening up creates more opportunities for all countries to share the benefits of China’s development

　　中国坚定不移奉行互利共赢的开放战略，实现更大力度、更高水平的对外开放。安全稳定的政治环境，数量庞大、需求升级的消费群体，素质全面、吃苦耐劳的劳动者，健全完善、周全周到的基础设施，公平竞争和法治化、国际化、便利化的营商环境，为各国提供更广阔市场、更充足资本、更丰富产品、更多合作契机。中国始终是全球共同开放的重要推动者、各国拓展商机的活力大市场。

　　China pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up and strives to open up wider. A safe and stable political environment, large consumer groups with escalating needs, hard-working and well-qualified workers, sound and complete infrastructure, and an international and convenient business environment of fair competition under the rule of law, all provide countries with a broader market, more capital, richer products, and more opportunities for cooperation. China has always been an important promoter of global openness and a dynamic market for all countries to expand business opportunities.

　　中国有世界上最具潜力的消费市场。中国既是“世界工厂”，也是“全球市场”。中国有近14亿人口、4亿中等收入群体，市场规模全球最大。中国经济持续健康发展，带来多个领域的广泛需求，为经济发展提供重要引擎。中国消费空间和潜力巨大，消费升级态势明显，消费增速超过固定资产投资，消费梯度效应凸显，消费对经济贡献越来越大(专栏7)。麦肯锡全球研究院发布报告认为，在汽车、酒类、手机等许多品类中，中国都是全球第一大市场，消费额约占全球消费总额的30%。(注5)庞大的消费需求为世界各国提供了巨大市场。未来15年，中国进口商品和服务将分别超过30万亿美元和10万亿美元。

　　China has the most promising consumer market in the world. It is not only “the world’s factory”, but also a global market. With a population of nearly 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of 400 million, China has the largest market in the world. The sustained and healthy development of China’s economy has created extensive demand in many fields and provided an important engine for economic development. China has huge space and potential for consumption, which is clearly moving up market and making a growing contribution to the economy. The consumption growth rate has surpassed that of fixed asset investment, and its gradient effect is prominent (see Box 7). According to an MGI report, China is the world’s largest market in many categories, including automobiles, alcohol and mobile phones, accounting for about 30 percent of global consumption.11 Its huge consumer demand provides an enormous market for countries all over the world. In the coming 15 years, China’s imports of goods and services are expected to exceed US$30 trillion and US$10 trillion.

　　中国是最具吸引力的投资目的地。中国的劳动力资源近9亿人，就业人员7亿多，受过高等教育和职业教育的高素质人才1.7亿，每年大学毕业生有800多万，人才红利巨大。中国不断优化营商环境，给国外生产者、投资者提供更加广阔的空间、更加优质的营商环境(专栏8)。中国实行高水平的贸易和投资自由化便利化政策，制定《外商投资法》，全面实施准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，持续放宽市场准入，着力打造对外开放新高地。中国加大知识产权保护力度，进一步完善体制机制、法律法规，健全与国际经贸规则接轨的创新保护体系，为广大投资者和权利人提供更加有力有效的保护。联合国贸发会议《2019年世界投资报告》显示，2018年全球外国直接投资延续了下滑趋势，规模较上年下降了13%，但中国实现了逆势增长，继续稳居全球第二大外资流入国地位。(注6)2019年上半年，中国实际使用外资4783.3亿元人民币，同比增长7.2%，特别是高技术制造和高技术服务业投资增幅较大，展现出对外资的强大吸引力。

　　China is the most attractive investment destination. It has a workforce of almost 900 million, and more than 700 million are employed. It has a talent bank of 170 million people who have received higher education or vocational education, and generates more than 8 million college graduates each year.

　　China continues to optimize its business environment, giving foreign manufacturers and investors a broader space and a better business environment (see Box 8). China has implemented a wide range of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation policies, formulated the Foreign Investment Law, and implemented the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board. It continues to relax market access, and has made great efforts to establish pilots for opening wider to the world.

　　China has stepped up the protection of intellectual property rights. It has improved the relevant systems, mechanisms, laws and regulations, and enhanced the innovation protection system in line with international economic and trade rules, so as to provide more powerful and effective protection for the investors and IPR holders.

　　According to the “World Investment Report 2019” of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), global FDI continued its slide in 2018, down by 13 percent from the previous year, but China achieved counter-trend growth and continued as the world’s second largest recipient of FDI.12 In the first half of 2019, foreign investment in actual use in China was RMB478.33 billion, an increase of 7.2 percent over the same period last year; foreign investment in high-tech manufacturing and services grew especially fast.

　　更大规模“走出去”惠及更多国家。中国企业积极参与国际竞争与合作，更深更广地开展全球贸易投资活动，为促进东道国经济增长、扩大当地就业作贡献。伦敦大学亚非学院(SOAS)一项关于中国在非投资情况的调查报告表明，在埃塞俄比亚的中国企业建设工地和工厂，当地员工雇佣率在90%以上，中国企业为非洲创造了大量就业机会。(注7)预计未来5年，中国对外货物贸易将达到25万亿美元。随着中国对外开放的大门越开越大，将有越来越多的企业到国外投资，越来越多的中国人赴国外留学、工作、旅游。中国积极推动科学技术创新走向世界，使技术发展和创新不仅造福中国而且惠及世界，让更多人享受科技发展带来的便利和好处(专栏9)。

　　China’s further “going global” benefits more countries. Chinese enterprises actively participate in international competition and cooperation, carry out deeper and wider global trade and investment activities, and contribute to the economic growth of host countries and the expansion of local employment. A survey of Chinese investment in Africa by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) of the University of London shows that more than 90 percent of employees at construction sites and factories run by Chinese enterprises in Ethiopia are local residents. Chinese companies have created a large number of jobs in Africa.14 It is estimated that China’s foreign trade in goods will reach US$25 trillion in the next five years. With the country opening ever wider to the world, more and more Chinese enterprises will invest abroad, and more Chinese will study, work and travel abroad. China has actively promoted the “going global” of scientific and technological innovation to the advantage of both China and the rest of the world, and more people can enjoy the convenience and benefits brought about by science and technology (see Box 9).

　　开放应该是双向的、互利的，而不应是单向的、一方受益的。互利双向才能长远持久。中国承诺持续扩大进口、放宽市场准入、改善营商环境、加强知识产权保护，其他国家也应该扩大开放，采取相应举措，努力改进自己的营商环境。只有各方相向而行，才能营造出开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的发展环境，共同把发展的“蛋糕”越做越大，形成互利共赢的利益共同体。

　　Opening up should be mutually beneficial rather than a zero-sum game. Only mutual benefit can endure. China is committed to further expanding imports, relaxing market access, improving the business environment, and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights. Other countries should also open wider to the world and take corresponding measures to improve their business environment. Only by moving towards each other can we create a development environment that is open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all, make the “cake” of development bigger, and form a mutually beneficial community of shared interests.

　　(三)中国为国际社会提供更多公共产品

　　3. China is providing more public goods to the international community

　　中华民族历来有立己达人、兼济天下的情怀。中国发展得益于国际社会，也始终不忘回馈国际大家庭，为国际社会提供更多更好公共产品。

　　The Chinese have always believed that “You yourself desire rank and standing; then help others to get rank and standing”. We care for the people of the world and strive for the greater good while pursuing our own development. China has benefited from the international community for its development, and it has never forgotten to provide it with more and better public goods in return.

　　推动高质量共建“一带一路”。共建“一带一路”倡议以共商共建共享为原则，以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的丝绸之路精神为指引，以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通为重点，已经从理念转化为行动，从愿景转化为现实，从倡议转化为全球广受欢迎的公共产品(专栏10)。2016年11月联合国通过决议，欢迎共建“一带一路”等经济合作倡议。2017年3月，联合国安理会决议中呼吁各国推进“一带一路”建设，构建人类命运共同体。“一带一路”倡议源于中国，机会和成果属于世界。据世界银行研究报告，“一带一路”倡议将使相关国家760万人摆脱极端贫困、3200万摆脱中度贫困，将使参与国贸易增长2.8%至9.7%、全球贸易增长1.7%至6.2%、全球收入增加0.7%至2.9%。(注8)“一带一路”倡议是名副其实的资源共享、共同繁荣、共同发展之路。

　　We will build a high-quality Belt and Road together with our partners. The Belt and Road Initiative is based on the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and is guided by the Silk Road spirit characterized by peace, cooperation, openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit. With a focus on policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties, it has transformed from ideas into action, from vision into reality, from a conceptual initiative into a globally popular public product (see Box 10). In November 2016, the United Nations adopted a resolution welcoming economic cooperation initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative. In March 2017, the United Nations Security Council called on all countries in its resolution to promote the initiative and the building of a global community of shared future. The Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, but the opportunities and achievements belong to the whole world. According to a World Bank research report, the initiative will help 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million out of moderate poverty. It will increase trade in participating countries by 2.8 to 9.7 percent, global trade by 1.7 to 6.2 percent and global income by 0.7 to 2.9 percent.19 The initiative is a veritable road to resource sharing, shared prosperity and common development.

　　搭建多边对话和合作平台。中国坚定支持多边主义，主张国际上的事由各国商量着办，积极搭建政治、经济、安全、人文等领域多边对话和合作平台。创办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、中国国际进口博览会、虹桥国际经济论坛、中非合作论坛、中阿合作论坛、中拉论坛、博鳌亚洲论坛、中国-东盟博览会、中国-阿拉伯国家博览会、中国-非洲经贸博览会、亚洲文明对话大会、世界互联网大会等多个全球和区域性多边平台，推动多边合作日益深入。主办亚信上海峰会、亚太经合组织领导人北京非正式会议、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人厦门会晤、上海合作组织青岛峰会等，取得一系列开创性、引领性、机制性成果。发起成立亚洲基础设施投资银行、新开发银行等国际金融合作机构，为全球包容性发展贡献越来越大的力量。发起成立上海合作组织，为维护地区和世界和平稳定发挥了重要作用。

　　China is building platforms for multilateral dialogue and cooperation. We firmly support multilateralism and advocate that international affairs should be discussed and handled by all countries. China has set up platforms for multilateral dialogue and cooperation in political, economic, security, cultural and other fields. To promote multilateral cooperation, we have established a number of global and regional multilateral platforms including:

　　Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation,

　　China International Import Expo,

　　Hongqiao International Economic Forum,

　　Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,

　　China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,

　　China-CELAC Forum,

　　Boao Forum for Asia,

　　China-ASEAN Expo,

　　China-Arab States Expo,

　　China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo,

　　Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, and

　　World Internet Conference.

　　China has hosted the CICA Summit in Shanghai, APEC Leaders’ Informal Meeting in Beijing, G20 Hangzhou Summit, BRICS Summit in Xiamen, and SCO Qingdao Summit, marking a series of pioneering, leading and institutional achievements. We have initiated the establishment of international financial cooperation institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank, making a growing contribution to the inclusive development of the world. The China-initiated SCO has played an important role in safeguarding regional and world peace and stability.

　　积极参与国际和地区事务。中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，努力为解决国际和地区热点问题贡献智慧和力量。积极推动朝鲜半岛、伊朗核、叙利亚、阿富汗等地区热点问题政治解决，致力于推动对话协商，寻求各方都能接受的解决方案。积极参与联合国及其他多边平台气候治理进程，坚定支持并推动《巴黎气候变化协定》落实。积极推动落实联合国《全球反恐战略》及安理会反恐决议，积极参与国际反恐合作。不断加强能源安全、粮食安全、网络安全、极地、外空、海洋等领域国际交流与合作。

　　China actively participates in international and regional affairs. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China strives to contribute wisdom and strength to the settlement of major international and regional flashpoints. China has worked to promote the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula, Iran nuclear, Syria, and Afghanistan issues, and is committed to promoting dialogue and consultation and seeking solutions acceptable to all parties concerned. We have actively participated in the climate governance process of the United Nations and other multilateral platforms, and firmly supported and promoted the implementation of the Paris Agreement. We have promoted and implemented the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and the Security Council counter-terrorism resolutions, and actively participated in international counter-terrorism actions. We have strengthened international exchanges and cooperation in energy, food and network security, and in the polar regions, outer space and the oceans.

　　积极开展对外援助。中国自身是发展中国家，对其他发展中国家正在经受的贫困与苦难感同身受，力所能及地为他们提供援助。中国坚持正确义利观，秉持相互尊重、平等相待，重信守诺、互利共赢，量力而行、尽力而为的原则，不附加任何政治条件地为广大发展中国家提供资金、技术、人员、智力等方面援助，帮助受援国增强自主发展能力，为促进当地经济社会发展、改善民众生活、实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程作出更大贡献。

　　China has actively provided aid to countries in need. As a developing country itself, China identifies with other developing countries in terms of the poverty and suffering they are experiencing and provides them with assistance within its capacity. China upholds the greater good and pursues shared interests, adheres to the principles of mutual respect, equality, keeping promises, mutual benefit, and offering the utmost assistance within its capacity. It provides financial, technical, personnel and intellectual assistance to developing countries without any political strings attached, so as to help recipient countries strengthen their capacity for independent development, and to make a greater contribution to promoting their economic and social development and people’s wellbeing and achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

　　(四)中国发展为其他发展中国家提供经验和借鉴

　　4. China’s development provides experience and reference for other developing countries

　　一个国家找到适合本国国情的发展道路并不容易。近代以来，许多发展中国家艰辛探索，希望实现国富民强，但真正找到适合自身的道路、实现良好发展的并不多。一些国家盲目照搬或被迫引入西方模式，不仅没有实现经济发展、政治稳定，反而陷入社会动乱、经济危机、治理瘫痪，甚至发生无休止的内战。

　　It is not easy for a country to find a development path suited to its own national conditions. In the recent past, many developing countries have worked hard in the hope of making themselves prosperous and strong, but few have really found the right path and achieved good development. Some countries blindly copied or were forced to adopt the Western model, but they did not achieve economic development or political stability. Instead they fell into social unrest, economic crisis, governance paralysis, and even endless civil war.

　　在几十年艰辛探索中，中国始终坚定不移走自己的路，在不断探索中形成了自己的发展道路。中国发展的成功，提振了发展中国家实现国富民强的信心，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，为世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立的国家和民族，走符合本国国情的道路提供了经验和借鉴。

　　Over decades of arduous exploration, China has always taken its own road and formed its own development path. China’s success has boosted the confidence of other developing countries in their ability to achieve prosperity, expanded their routes towards modernization, and provided experience and reference to countries that want to speed up their development and maintain their independence, enabling them to choose a path in line with their own national conditions.

　　照搬没有出路，模仿容易迷失。中国发展的最大启示，就是一个国家走什么样的发展道路，既要借鉴别国经验，更要立足本国实际，依据自己的历史传承、文化传统、经济社会发展水平，由这个国家的人民来决定。世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展道路和发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路和发展模式。各国可以相互学习借鉴发展经验，但现代化不等于西方化，不能生搬硬套，更不能一家说了算。发展道路合不合适，关键要看这条道路能不能解决本国面临的历史性课题和现实性问题，能不能改善民生、增进福祉，能不能得到人民的赞成和拥护。

　　Copying or imitating other countries offers no way forward. The greatest inspiration from China’s development is: What kind of path a country takes should be based on the experience of other countries, but more importantly on its own reality, and should be decided by its own people in accordance with its own history, cultural traditions, and level of economic and social development. There is no such thing as one single path or model that is universally applicable. Countries can learn from each other. But modernization is not equal to Westernization, and cannot be mechanically carried out or achieved through the same model. Whether the path of a country is the right one depends on whether this path can solve the historic and practical problems facing the country, whether it can improve people’s wellbeing, and whether it can win the recognition and support of the people.

　　选择什么样的发展道路，是每个主权国家的权利。任何国家都不能将自己的模式强加于人，更无权强行颠覆他国政权和政治制度。中国尊重其他国家选择的不同发展道路，中国不“输入”外国模式，也不“输出”中国模式，不会要求别国“复制”中国的做法。中国将通过深化自身实践，不断探索现代化建设规律、国家治理规律、人类社会发展规律，与各国加强治国理政交流，共享发展经验，共同实现良政善治。

　　It is the right of every sovereign state to choose its own development path. No country can impose its own model on others, let alone forcibly subvert the governments and political systems of other countries. China respects the different paths chosen by other countries. It does not “import” foreign models, nor “export” the Chinese model, and will never require other countries to replicate its practices. By furthering its own experience, China will continue to explore the laws of modernization, governance and human society, strengthen exchanges with other countries in state governance, and share experience to jointly realize good governance.

　　(五)中国绝不走“国强必霸”的路子

　　5. China will never seek hegemony

　　历史上确有国家因强成霸，但国强必霸不是历史定律。用西方一些国家的发展经验评判中国，把西方一些国家的发展逻辑套用于中国，得出的结论必然荒谬失真。中国走和平发展道路，不是外交辞令，不是权宜之计，不是战略模糊，而是思想自信和实践自觉的有机统一，是坚定不移的战略选择和郑重承诺。无论国际形势如何变化，无论自身如何发展，中国永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围。

　　It is true that in the past, countries that grew strong have sought hegemony, but this is not a historical law. The conclusion is bound to be absurd and distorted if one judges China against the experience of some Western powers and applies their logic to China. China’s pursuit of peaceful development is not diplomatic rhetoric, or an act of expediency, or a strategic ambiguity. Rather, it showcases China’s confidence in thought and readiness for practice, and represents China’s unswerving strategic choice and solemn commitment. China will never pursue hegemony or expansion, nor will it seek to create spheres of influence, no matter how international situation changes, how China develops itself.

　　中国走和平发展道路，来源于中华文明的深厚底蕴。中华文明起源于内陆和农耕，是内敛、防御的文明。5000多年的中华文化，蕴含着天人合一的宇宙观、协和万邦的国际观、和而不同的社会观、人心和善的道德观。中国自古倡导“强不执弱，富不侮贫”“己所不欲，勿施于人”，深知“国虽大，好战必亡”。中华民族的血液里没有侵略他人、称霸世界的基因。近代以来，中国饱受列强欺凌，对战争和动荡带来的苦难刻骨铭心，绝不会将曾经遭受的苦难强加给其他民族。

　　China takes the road of peaceful development, which comes from the profound heritage of Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization originated from inland and farming; it is a moderate and defensive civilization. With a history dating back more than 5,000 years, Chinese culture contains the cosmological view of the unity of man and nature, the international view of harmony between all countries, the social view of harmony in diversity, and the moral view of kindness and benevolence. Since ancient times, China has advocated that “the strong should not oppress the weak, and the rich should not abuse the poor”, and “do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”, knowing that “a warlike state, however big it may be, will eventually perish”. The Chinese nation does not have the gene to invade others and dominate the world. From the mid-19th century, China was abused by the Western powers and left with indelible memories of the suffering brought about by war and instability. It will never impose the suffering it has endured on other nations.

　　中国走和平发展道路，来源于对实现中国发展目标条件的认知。发展是中国的第一要务。70年来，中国的发展得益于和平稳定的外部环境，中国进一步发展同样需要和平稳定的外部环境。中国实现更好发展，关键还是集中精力办好自己的事情，以发展促和平、以和平促发展。对外搞扩张、搞霸权，不符合中国利益，违背人民意愿。积极争取和平的国际环境发展自己，又以自身的发展更好地维护世界和平、促进共同发展，始终是中国坚定不移的国家意志。

　　China’s peaceful development comes from its understanding of the conditions for achieving development goals. Development is China’s top priority. Over the past 70 years, China has benefited from a peaceful and stable external environment, and in the future, it also needs such an external environment. The key to China’s success lies in concentrating on running its own affairs well and realizing the mutual promotion of peace and development. Expansion and hegemony go against China’s interests and the will of the people. It has always been China’s unswerving national will to strive for a peaceful international environment favorable to its own development, and to better safeguard world peace and promote common development through its own.

　　中国走和平发展道路，来源于对世界发展大势的深刻把握。当今世界，各国越来越成为“你中有我，我中有你”的利益共同体、命运共同体，和平、发展、合作、共赢是时代潮流。任何一个国家，无论大小强弱，只有在平等、互利、共赢基础上参与国际合作，才能实现持续发展;反之，追逐霸权，穷兵黩武，只会消耗国力、走向衰亡。人类历史上由于强国争霸导致战乱频仍、生灵涂炭、人类文明遭受挫折甚至倒退，教训惨痛而深刻。要和平不要战争，要发展不要贫穷，要稳定不要混乱，是各国人民朴素而真实的共同愿望。中国走和平发展道路，符合历史潮流，顺应世界大势。

　　China’s peaceful development comes from a profound understanding of the general trend of world development. Today, countries are becoming a close-knit community of shared interests and future, and peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit are the trends of the times. Any country, big or small, strong or weak, can achieve sustainable development only if it participates in international cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. In contrast, pursuing hegemony and militarism will only consume national strength and lead to decline. In human history, the struggle for hegemony of the major powers has resulted in frequent wars, loss of life, setbacks for humanity, and even the retrogression of human civilization. The lessons have been painful and profound. Peace, development and stability, rather than war, poverty and chaos, are the true aspirations of the people of all countries. China’s path of peaceful development is in line with the trend of history and the general trend of the world.

　　中国有发展的权利，中国人民有追求美好生活的权利。作为历史上曾经遭受欺凌、蒙受屈辱的大国，中国发展的目的是赢得尊严和安全，让历经苦难的人民过上好日子。在追求这个目标的过程中，中国自然而然地发展了、强大了，但不是想要威胁谁、挑战谁、取代谁，更不是要在世界上称王称霸。中国的未来掌握在自己手中，中国的命运由中国人民说了算。没有任何人能够剥夺中国人民追求美好生活的权利，也没有任何人能够阻挡中国向前发展的步伐。

　　China has the right to development, and its people have the right to pursue a better life. As a country that suffered abuse and humiliation in the past, China aims to win dignity, security and a better life for its people through its own development. China naturally develops and becomes stronger, but does not want to threaten, challenge or replace any other country in the process, nor will it seek hegemony. China’s future is in its own hands. It is the Chinese people who decide their own destiny. No one can deprive the Chinese people of their right to pursue a better life. No one can stop China from moving forward.

　　中国坚定不移走和平发展道路，也希望世界各国共同走和平发展道路。只有各国都走和平发展道路，各国才能共同发展，国与国才能和平相处。中国决不会以牺牲别人利益为代价发展自己，也决不放弃自己的正当权益。任何国家不要指望中国会拿自己的核心利益做交易，任何人不要指望中国会吞下损害国家主权、安全、发展利益的苦果。

　　China is firmly committed to peaceful development and hopes that all countries in the world will do likewise. Only when countries take peaceful development paths can we develop and live peacefully together. China will never develop itself at the expense of others, nor will it give up its legitimate rights and interests. No foreign country should expect China to trade its core interests or to accept anything that is damaging to China’s own sovereignty, security and development interests.

　　三、建设繁荣美好世界是各国人民的共同梦想

　　III. A Prosperous and Beautiful World Is the Common Aspiration of All Peoples

　　当今世界，和平与发展仍然是时代主题，但面临许多新问题新挑战，特别是单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义、强权政治成为影响世界和平稳定的突出因素。建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，让人民过上安宁富足的生活，是各国人民孜孜以求的共同梦想。

　　Peace and development remain the underlying themes of our times. However, the world is facing many new problems and challenges. Unilateralism, protectionism, hegemonism, and power politics are some of the major factors affecting world peace and stability. It is a common aspiration of the peoples of all countries to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity, and where everyone lives in peace and plenty.

　　(一)当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局

　　1. The world is undergoing the greatest changes in a century

　　最近100多年来，人类经历了血腥的热战、冰冷的冷战，也取得了惊人的发展、巨大的进步。21世纪以来，随着经济全球化深入发展，国际政治经济格局加速演变，全球发展深层次矛盾日益突出，国际力量对比日趋均衡，国际秩序和全球治理体系变革更加深入，世界进入大发展大变革大调整的新时期，处于百年未有之大变局。

　　Humanity has made remarkable progress over the past century despite many bloody wars and the Cold War. The 21st century has witnessed growing economic globalization and a rapidly changing international political and economic landscape. Deep-seated problems in global development have become increasingly prominent. The international structures of power have been moving towards balance. The international order and global governance system have experienced further changes. All this shows that the world is in an era of major development, transformation and adjustment, and is undergoing the greatest changes in a century.

　　大变局催生新的机遇。百年未有之大变局的最大变化，就是以中国为代表的新兴市场国家和发展中国家群体性崛起，从根本上改变了国际力量对比。工业革命以来，西方世界在国际政治经济格局中长期占据主导地位。近几十年来，新兴市场国家和发展中国家紧紧抓住经济全球化历史机遇，实现了快速发展。国际货币基金组织最新数据显示，按购买力平价计算，新兴市场国家和发展中国家经济总量2008年已经超过发达国家，到2018年占世界经济比重达到59%(图2)。当今世界，多极化加速发展，现代化发展模式更趋多元，国际治理体系向协同共治转变，任何国家或者国家集团都再也无法单独主宰世界事务，求稳定、盼和平、谋发展成为国际社会普遍诉求。科学技术是引领大变局的革命性力量。现在，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，新一代信息技术广泛应用，大量催生新技术新产业新业态新模式，人类社会处于生产力大发展大跃升的前夜。

　　Change brings opportunities. One of the most notable changes is that the rise of China and other emerging market and developing countries is fundamentally altering the international structures of power. International politics and the economic system have been dominated by Western powers since the First Industrial Revolution. In more recent decades, emerging market and developing countries have realized rapid growth by seizing the historic opportunities presented by economic globalization. According to the latest data released by the IMF, the share of emerging market and developing economies in global output, measured by purchasing power parity, first surpassed that of advanced economies in 2008, and rose to 59% in 2018 (see Figure 2).

　　The world is moving rapidly towards multipolarity, diverse modern development models, and collaboration in global governance. It is now impossible for one single country or bloc of countries to exercise dominance in world affairs. Stability, peace and development have become the common aspirations of the international community. Science and technology is a leading force driving major changes. Advances in the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the widespread use of new-generation information technology, have generated new tools, industries, and forms of business, moving our productivity to a higher level.

　　大变局充满风险和挑战。大变局深刻复杂、变乱交织，各种新旧因素、力量、矛盾相互叠加碰撞，大国关系、国际秩序、地区安全、社会思潮、全球治理深刻重塑，国际局势不稳定性不确定性日益突出，治理赤字、信任赤字、和平赤字、发展赤字越来越大，世界面临重新陷入分裂甚至对抗的风险。全球经济增长动能不足、增速放缓，资本过度逐利导致贫富分化持续加大，贸易保护主义愈演愈烈，全球公共和私人债务高企，部分新兴经济体出现较大金融动荡，全球经济下行压力增大(专栏11)。国际安全形势严峻复杂，国际战略竞争日趋激烈，地区安全局势持续紧张，大规模杀伤性武器扩散、恐怖主义、网络攻击、气候变化、生物安全、有组织犯罪、重大传染性疾病等传统和非传统安全问题相互联动，严重威胁全球和地区安全。围堵遏制、对抗威胁的冷战思维沉渣泛起，霸权主义、强权政治甚嚣尘上，丛林法则、零和博弈找到新的土壤，严重侵蚀动摇战后国际秩序基础。一些西方国家治理陷入困境，民粹主义泛滥，逆全球化加剧。国际军控和裁军遭遇挫折，军备竞赛趋势显现，战略平衡与稳定受到破坏，一些地区热点问题矛盾持续激化、对抗不断升级，战争幽灵若隐若现。信息化智能化迅猛发展，对人类生命的存在形式、活动方式、伦理道德等提出了不可忽视的挑战。