政府报告白皮书中英文翻译：《中国的亚太安全合作政策》

　　当前，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系在高水平上呈现更加积极的发展势头。习近平主席同俄罗斯总统普京多次会晤。2016年6月普京总统访华期间，两国元首共同签署并发表《中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦联合声明》《关于加强全球战略稳定的联合声明》《关于协作推进信息网络空间发展的联合声明》。两国元首在9月二十国集团领导人杭州峰会期间举行年内第三次会晤，商定加大在涉及彼此核心利益的问题上的相互坚定支持，大力弘扬《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》确立的世代友好理念，积极开展发展战略对接和“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟建设对接合作，办好中俄媒体交流年活动，密切在国际和地区事务中的协调配合，为两国关系发展注入新的强劲动力。中俄在亚太事务中保持着良好合作。双方不断加强在地区多边框架内的合作，坚定维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨、原则和公认的国际关系准则，维护二战胜利成果和国际公平正义，推动地区热点问题政治解决进程，为促进地区和平稳定和发展繁荣贡献了正能量。

　　This partnership has presented a more positive momentum of development at a high level. President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin have met frequently. During the latter’s visit to China in June 2016, the two sides signed three joint statements: the Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Strengthening Global Strategic Stability, and Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Information Cyberspace Development. In September that year the two heads of state met for the third time, during the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and agreed to increase their firm mutual support on issues concerning each other’s core interests, energetically promote the idea of a lasting friendship established in the Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, actively promote their development strategies and their efforts to promote the Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union, hold a Year of Media Exchange, and maintain close coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs, so as to inject strong vigor into bilateral relations.

　　China and Russia have maintained good cooperation in Asia-Pacific affairs. The two sides continue to strengthen their cooperation within regional multilateral frameworks, safeguard the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and universally recognized norms governing international relations, uphold the achievements of World War II and international justice, advance the process of a political solution to regional hotspot issues, and contribute more positive energy to regional peace, stability, development and prosperity.

　　中俄两军关系进一步发展。2015年，两军共同庆祝世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，互派高层和方队参加对方庆祝活动和庆典阅兵，首次一年内举行两次海上联合演习，中方参加俄主办的国际军事比赛全部项目，在俄成功举行首届“中国军事文化周”。2016年以来，两军继续保持良性互动，首次成功举行反导计算机模拟演习，中方赴俄、哈参加国际军事比赛。双方于9月举行中俄“海上联合-2016”军事演习。两军在上海合作组织防务安全合作框架内保持密切配合。

　　China-Russia military relations have made further progress. In 2015, the two militaries jointly commemorated the 70th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, and sent high-ranking officers and teams to each other’s commemoration activities and military parades. The two militaries successfully held joint maritime drills twice in a year for the first time. China participated in all events of the international military skill competition hosted by Russia, and the first Chinese Military Culture Week was held in Russia. In 2016, the two militaries maintained positive interaction. The First Joint Computer-Enabled Anti-Missile Defence Exercise was held. China participated in the international military games in Russia and Kazakhstan. In September China and Russia conducted the Maritime Joint Exercise 2016. The two militaries have also maintained close coordination within the defence and security cooperation framework of the SCO.

　　(三)中印(度)关系。2015年以来，中印面向和平与繁荣的战略合作伙伴关系进一步深化，双方确立了构建更加紧密发展伙伴关系的目标。两国各领域交流与合作不断推进，并在国际和地区问题上保持良好沟通和协调。

　　3. China-India Relations

　　Since 2015, the China-India strategic and cooperative partnership for peace and prosperity has been further deepened. The two countries have set the goal of forging a closer development partnership, made new progress in exchanges and cooperation in various areas and stayed in close communication and coordination on regional and international issues.

　　两国高层互动频繁，政治互信进一步增强。2015年7月和2016年6月、9月、10月，习近平主席在乌法出席金砖国家领导人第七次会晤和出席上海合作组织塔什干峰会、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人第八次会晤期间会见印度总理莫迪。2015年11月，李克强总理在马来西亚出席东亚合作领导人系列会议期间与莫迪总理会见。2016年5月和2015年5月，印度总统慕克吉和总理莫迪分别访华。两国各领域务实合作扎实推进，在国际事务中保持沟通和协调，在联合国、金砖国家、二十国集团和中俄印等机制中加强协调与配合，在气候变化、世贸组织多哈回合谈判、能源和粮食安全、国际金融货币体系改革和全球治理等领域携手合作，维护了中印两国和发展中国家的共同利益。

　　The two countries have held frequent exchanges of high-level visits, and enhanced political mutual trust. President Xi Jinping met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the Seventh BRICS Summit in Ufa in July 2015, the 16th SCO Summit in Tashkent in June 2016, the G20 Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, and the Eighth BRICS Summit in October 2016. In November 2015, Premier Li Keqiang met Indian Prime Minister Modi during the leaders’ meetings for East Asia cooperation in Malaysia. Indian President Pranab Mukherjee visited China in May 2016, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited China in May 2015. Practical cooperation between the two countries has made solid progress in various areas. The two countries have maintained communication and coordination on international affairs and enhanced collaboration in the UN, BRICS, G20, China-India-Russia and other mechanisms. They have cooperated on climate change, the WTO Doha Round of negotiations, energy and food security, reform of international financial and monetary institutions, and global governance. Such cooperation has helped safeguard the common interests of China, India and other developing countries.

　　中印两军关系总体健康、稳定发展，沟通交流日益密切，务实合作广度、深度增加，迄今已举行8届防务与安全磋商和6次陆军反恐联合训练，并在人员培训、专业交流等领域开展良好合作。双方还开展边防合作，为维护中印边境地区和平与安宁发挥了积极作用。两军高层于2015年和2016年互访，就加强两军务实合作、共同维护边境地区和平稳定达成重要共识。

　　The relations between the Chinese and Indian militaries remain healthy and stable in general, with increasingly close communication and exchanges, and pragmatic cooperation in greater breadth and depth. Eight rounds of defence and security consultation and six joint military anti-terrorism training exercises have been held so far. Sound cooperation in personnel training, professional exchanges and other fields is being carried out. The two sides have also conducted border defence cooperation, which plays a positive role in maintaining peace and tranquillity in the border areas between China and India. Military leaders of the two sides visited each other in 2015 and 2016, and reached an important consensus on strengthening pragmatic cooperation between the two militaries and working together to maintain peace and stability in the border areas.

　　(四)中日关系。2015年以来，中日关系总体延续2014年底形成的改善势头。习近平主席先后在亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人非正式会议和亚非领导人会议期间应约会见日本首相安倍晋三，出席中日友好交流大会并发表重要讲话。李克强总理在2015年中日韩领导人会议和2016年亚欧首脑会议期间，应约同安倍晋三首相举行会晤。2016年9月二十国集团领导人杭州峰会期间，习近平主席再次与安倍晋三首相举行会晤。双方有序恢复政府、议会、政党等不同层级接触，举行三轮高级别政治对话，稳步推进各领域交流合作。同时，中日关系仍存在不少复杂敏感因素。围绕日方在历史、涉海等问题上的消极动向，中方敦促日方切实遵守中日四个政治文件和四点原则共识，妥善管控分歧矛盾，避免给中日关系改善进程带来干扰。

　　4. China-Japan Relations

　　Since 2015, China-Japan relations have maintained the momentum of improvement which started at the end of 2014. Upon invitation, President Xi Jinping met Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the margins of the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting and the Asian-African Summit. He attended and gave an important speech at the China-Japan Friendship Exchange Meeting. Premier Li Keqiang met Prime Minister Abe during the China-Japan-ROK Trilateral Summit Meeting in 2015 and during the Asia-Europe Meeting in 2016. During the G20 Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, President Xi Jinping had another meeting with Prime Minister Abe. The two sides resumed contacts at government, parliament and party levels in an orderly way. Three rounds of high-level political dialogue were held and exchanges and cooperation in various areas were steadily pushed forward. However, complex and sensitive factors still remain in bilateral relations. In response to Japan’s negative moves concerning historical and maritime territory issues, China urges Japan to abide by the four political documents and the four-point principled agreement on bilateral relations, properly manage and control disputes and conflicts, and avoid creating obstacles to the improvement of bilateral relations.

　　2014年年底以来，两国防务交流逐步恢复和发展。2015年11月，两国防长在东盟防长扩大会期间会晤。两国防务部门负责人在其他多边场合也多次会面。2016年，两国防务部门进行了事务级交流。此外，2015年以来，两国防务部门就建立海空联络机制举行两次专家组磋商，就机制大部分事项达成共识。

　　Since the end of 2014, defence exchanges between the two countries have gradually resumed and developed. In November 2015, the Chinese and Japanese defence ministers met during the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting. The defence chiefs of the two countries have met several times on other multilateral occasions. In 2016, the defence ministries of the two countries conducted working-level exchanges. Since 2015, defence ministries of the two countries have held two expert panel consultations on the establishment of air and maritime contact mechanisms, with consensus reached on most matters.

　　(五)中国积极发展与亚太其他国家的友好合作关系，不断增进政治互信，加强经贸联系，密切人文交往，扩大防务交流合作，共同促进亚太地区和平稳定与繁荣发展。

　　5. China has continued developing friendly and cooperative relations with other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, with enhanced political mutual trust, strengthened economic and trade relations, closer people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and enlarged defence cooperation, so as to jointly promote peace, stability, development and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　四、中国在地区热点问题上的立场和主张

　　IV. China’s Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues

　　(一)朝鲜半岛核问题。中国在半岛核问题上的立场一贯而明确，坚持实现半岛无核化，坚持维护半岛和平稳定，坚持通过对话协商解决问题。长期以来，中国为推进半岛无核化进程、维护半岛和平稳定大局、推动尽早重启六方会谈作出不懈努力。朝鲜2016年1月和9月两次核试并多次试射各种类型弹道导弹，违反安理会决议，与国际社会的期待背道而驰。中国政府对此坚决反对，并支持安理会通过相关决议，以阻遏朝鲜在核武开发的道路上越走越远。中国将继续与国际社会一道，为推进半岛无核化、实现半岛及东北亚长治久安作出不懈努力。同时，其他各方不能放弃复谈的努力，不能放弃对半岛和平稳定承担的责任。

　　1. Nuclear Issue on the Korean Peninsula

　　China’s position on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is consistent and clear-cut. China is committed to the denuclearization of the peninsula, its peace and stability, and settlement of the issue through dialogue and consultation. Over the years, China has made tremendous efforts to facilitate the process of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguard the overall peace and stability there, and realize an early resumption of the Six-Party Talks. In January and September this year, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted two nuclear tests and launched missiles of various types, violating UN Security Council resolutions and running counter to the wishes of the international community. China has made clear its opposition to such actions and supported the relevant Security Council resolutions to prevent the DPRK’s further pursuit of nuclear weapons. China will continue to work with the international community and strive for denuclearization and long-term peace and stability of the peninsula and of Northeast Asia as a whole. At the same time, other parties concerned should not give up the efforts to resume talks or their responsibilities to safeguard peace and stability on the peninsula.

　　(二)反导问题。反导问题事关全球战略稳定和大国互信。中国一贯认为，应慎重处理反导问题，搞冷战式的军事同盟、构筑全球和地区反导体系，既不利于构建战略稳定与互信，也不利于构建包容性的全球及地区安全格局。各国既要考虑本国安全利益，也要尊重别国安全关切，遵循维护全球战略稳定和各国安全不受减损的原则，共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的国际安全环境。

　　2. Anti-Ballistic Missile Issue

　　The anti-ballistic missile issue concerns global strategic stability and mutual trust among major countries. China always holds the view that the anti-ballistic missile issue should be treated with discretion. Forming Cold War style military alliances and building global and regional anti-ballistic missile systems will be detrimental to strategic stability and mutual trust, as well as to the development of an inclusive global and regional security framework. Countries should respect other countries’ security concerns while pursuing their own security interests, and follow the principle of maintaining global strategic stability without compromising the security of any country so as to jointly create a peaceful and stable international security environment featuring equality, mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation.

　　美国和韩国不顾包括中国在内有关国家的明确反对立场，宣布并推进在韩国部署“萨德”反导系统。这种做法严重破坏地区战略平衡，严重损害包括中国在内的本地区国家战略安全利益，与维护半岛和平稳定努力背道而驰。中国坚决反对美韩在韩国部署“萨德”反导系统，强烈敦促美韩停止有关进程。

　　Despite clear opposition from relevant countries including China, the US and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the decision to start and accelerate the deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK. Such an act would seriously damage the regional strategic balance and the strategic security interests of China and other countries in the region, and run counter to the efforts for maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. China firmly opposes the US and ROK deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK, and strongly urges the US and the ROK to stop this process.

　　(三)阿富汗问题。中国支持阿富汗和平重建，希望看到一个团结、稳定、发展、同周边国家和睦相处的阿富汗。2015年以来中国加大对阿富汗援助力度，支持阿富汗政府能力建设。2015年10月，阿富汗北部发生7.8级地震后，中国为阿富汗抗震救灾提供了支持。中国认为只有推进“阿人主导、阿人所有”的包容性和解进程，才是解决阿富汗问题的唯一正确出路。中国将继续为推进阿富汗和解进程发挥建设性作用。

　　3. Afghanistan Issue

　　China supports peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan, and hopes to see an Afghanistan that is united, stable, prosperous and at peace with its neighboring countries. Since 2015, China has increased assistance to Afghanistan in support of that government’s capacity building. In the wake of a 7.8-magnitude earthquake in northern Afghanistan in October 2015, China provided assistance for disaster-relief efforts. China believes that only an inclusive reconciliation process that is “Afghan-led and Afghan-owned” can provide the ultimate solution to the Afghanistan issue. China will continue to play a constructive role in advancing the reconciliation process in Afghanistan.

　　(四)打击恐怖主义问题。当前，亚太地区反恐形势正经历复杂深刻变化。暴力极端思想加速蔓延，恐怖极端势力日益活跃，网络恐怖主义危害上升，暴恐活动多发频发，特别是国际恐怖组织渗透和境外恐怖作战分子回流问题日益突出，对地区安全稳定构成严重威胁。

　　4. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation

　　At present, the counter-terrorism situation in the Asia-Pacific region is undergoing complex and profound changes. The region faces severe security and stability challenges posed by violent and extremist ideologies spreading at an ever-faster pace, more active terrorist and extremist forces, rising threats from cyber terrorism, and frequent violent terrorist activities, in particular the infiltration of international terrorist organizations and the inflow of foreign terrorist fighters.

　　恐怖主义是国际公害和人类公敌。中国反对一切形式的恐怖主义，主张国际社会应按照《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则以及其他公认的国际关系基本准则，广泛开展合作，形成合力。主张加强不同文明对话，采取政治、经济、外交等手段综合治理，标本兼治，消除恐怖主义滋生土壤。同时，在反恐问题上不能搞“双重标准”，不能将恐怖主义与特定的国家、民族、宗教相联系。

　　Terrorism is a common scourge of the international community and humanity as a whole. The Chinese government opposes terrorism in all forms and calls on the international community to cooperate in fighting terrorism on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other universally recognized norms governing international relations. China believes that dialogue among different civilizations should be enhanced and a holistic approach taken to eliminate the breeding grounds of terrorism by addressing both its symptoms and root causes by political, economic and diplomatic means. At the same time, there should be no double standard in fighting terrorism, which should not be associated with any particular country, ethnicity or religion.

　　(五)海上问题。亚太地区海上形势总体保持稳定，维护海上和平安全和航行飞越自由是各方共同利益和共识。但非传统海上安全威胁呈上升之势，不少海域的生态环境遭到破坏，海洋自然灾害频发，溢油、危险化学品泄漏事故时有发生，海盗、偷渡、贩毒等活动频发。部分国家在传统安全领域存在误解，互信不足，也给海上安全带来风险。

　　5. Maritime Cooperation

　　The overall maritime situation remains stable in the region. It is all parties’ common interest and consensus to maintain maritime peace, security and freedom of navigation and overflight. However, non-traditional maritime security threats are on the rise. The ecological environment in many marine areas has been damaged. Marine natural disasters occur frequently, and leaks of oil or hazardous chemicals happen from time to time. In addition, there are often cases of piracy, smuggling and drug trafficking. Misunderstandings and lack of mutual trust among some countries about traditional security issues also pose risks to maritime security.

　　中国一贯提倡平等、务实、共赢的海上安全合作，坚持以《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，公认的国际法和现代海洋法，包括《联合国海洋法公约》所确定的基本原则和法律制度以及和平共处五项原则为处理地区海上问题的基本准则，坚持合作应对海上传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁。维护海上和平安全是地区国家的共同责任，符合各方的共同利益。中国致力于与各方加强合作，共同应对挑战，维护海上和平稳定。

　　China has called for even-handed, practical and mutually beneficial maritime security cooperation. It adheres to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the fundamental principles and legal system defined by universally recognized international laws and modern maritime laws, including the UNCLOS and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in dealing with regional maritime issues, and is committed to coping with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats through cooperation. Maintaining maritime peace and security is the shared responsibility of all countries in the region, and serves the common interests of all parties. China is dedicated to strengthening cooperation and jointly tackling challenges with all relevant parties so as to maintain maritime peace and stability.

　　中国对南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权。中国始终坚持通过谈判协商和平解决争议，坚持通过制定规则和建立机制管控争议，坚持通过互利合作实现共赢，坚持维护南海和平稳定及南海航行和飞越自由。中国与东盟国家就南海问题保持密切沟通对话，在全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》框架下深化海上务实合作，稳步推进“南海行为准则”磋商，不断取得积极进展。中国坚决反对个别国家为一己私利在本地区挑动是非。对于侵犯中国领土主权和海洋权益、蓄意挑起事端破坏南海和平稳定的挑衅行动，中国将不得不作出必要反应。任何将南海问题国际化、司法化的做法都无助于争议的解决，相反只会增加解决问题的难度，危害地区和平与稳定。

　　China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. China has always been committed to resolving disputes peacefully through negotiation and consultation, managing disputes by setting rules and establishing mechanisms, realizing mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation for mutual benefit, and upholding peace and stability as well as freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. China and the ASEAN countries stay in close communication and dialogue on the South China Sea issue. When fully and effectively implementing the DOC, the two sides have strengthened pragmatic maritime cooperation, steadily advanced the consultations on COC and made positive progress. China resolutely opposes certain countries’ provocations of regional disputes for their selfish interests. China is forced to make necessary responses to the provocative actions which infringe on China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and undermine peace and stability in the South China Sea. No effort to internationalize and judicialize the South China Sea issue will be of any avail for its resolution; it will only make it harder to resolve the issue, and endanger regional peace and stability.

　　中日在东海存在钓鱼岛问题和海域划界问题。钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是中国的固有领土，中国对钓鱼岛的主权有着充足的历史和法理依据。中日就东海有关问题保持对话，举行了多轮海洋事务高级别磋商，围绕东海海空危机管控、海上执法、油气、科考、渔业等问题进行沟通，达成多项共识。中方愿继续通过对话磋商妥善管控和解决有关问题。

　　Issues concerning the Diaoyu Islands and maritime demarcation in the East China Sea exist between China and Japan. The Diaoyu Islands are an integral part of China’s territory. China’s sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands has a sufficient historical and legal basis. China and Japan have maintained dialogues on issues related to the East China Sea and held several rounds of high-level consultations. They have had communication and reached consensus on crisis management and control in the air and waters of the East China Sea, maritime law enforcement, oil and gas exploration, scientific research, fisheries and other issues. China is willing to properly manage the situation and resolve related issues through continued dialogue and consultation.

　　中韩就海域划界有关问题广泛深入交换了意见，并于2015年12月启动海域划界谈判。

　　China and the ROK have extensive and in-depth exchanges of views on maritime demarcation, and launched relevant negotiations in December 2015.

　　五、中国参与亚太地区主要多边机制

　　V. China’s Participation in Major Multilateral Mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific Region

　　(一)中国—东盟合作。中国始终将东盟作为周边外交优先方向，坚定支持东盟一体化，支持共同体建设，支持东盟在区域合作中的中心地位。双方秉持相互尊重、平等相待、睦邻友好、合作共赢的原则，不断加强战略对话，增进政治互信，深化经贸、互联互通、金融、安全、海上、社会人文等各领域务实合作，推动双方关系不断取得新进展。2013年习近平主席访问东南亚期间，指出中国愿与东盟国家携手建设更为紧密的中国—东盟命运共同体。

　　1. China-ASEAN Cooperation

　　China regards ASEAN as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy, and firmly supports ASEAN’s integration and community building as well as its centrality in regional cooperation. Following the principles of mutual respect, equality, good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial cooperation, China and ASEAN have further strengthened strategic dialogue, enhanced political mutual trust, and deepened practical cooperation in economy and trade, connectivity, finance, security, maritime affairs, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges, making continuous progress in their relations. During his visit to Southeast Asia in 2013, President Xi Jinping announced that China wants to build a closer China-ASEAN community of shared future.

　　2015年，中国—东盟防长非正式会晤首次在华召开，双方还举行了电信、经贸、交通部长会议和总检察长会议。11月，中国与东盟签署《关于修订〈中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议〉及项下部分协议的议定书》，标志中国—东盟自贸区升级谈判全面结束。

　　In 2015, the China-ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting was held in China for the first time. The two sides also held the Telecommunication Ministers’ Meeting, AEM-MOFCOM Consultations, Transport Ministers’ Meeting, and Prosecutors-Generals’ Conference. In November of the same year, the two sides signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Certain Agreements Thereunder Between China and ASEAN, which marked the conclusion of the negotiations on an upgraded China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.