政府报告双语翻译：《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》

　　Reinforcing efforts in energy conservation and greater energy efficiency. To further guarantee the fulfillment of responsibilities in meeting energy conservation and energy efficiency enhancement targets, China has:

　　implemented a system for controlling energy intensity and energy consumption, and set targets for both at the provincial level with supervision and performance evaluation.

　　incorporated energy conservation indexes into the index system for evaluating the performance in environmental progress and green development to facilitate the transformation in development philosophy.

　　strengthened energy conservation management of major energy-using entities, organized the implementation of key energy conservation projects, and popularized advanced energy conservation technologies by releasing 260 key energy conservation technologies in 13 industries, including coal, electricity, iron & steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, chemicals, and building materials.

　　established a “Frontrunner” system for energy efficiency, and improved the energy efficiency labeling system by issuing 15 batches of catalogs for products with energy efficiency labels and related implementation rules.

　　implemented Energy Performance Contracting and strengthened regulations and standards on energy conservation. It has issued and implemented over 340 national standards on energy conservation and promoted the certification of energy-saving products accordingly. To date, almost 50,000 energy-saving product certificates have been issued, thus boosting the energy conservation industry.

　　required public institutions to play an exemplary role in energy conservation and energy efficiency enhancement. Approximately 35 percent of Party and government offices at and above county level, and all central CPC and government departments have shifted onto an energy-saving trajectory. In all, 5,114 public institutions have become demonstrative units for energy conservation.

　　strengthened energy conservation in the industrial sector by carrying out special national inspections on energy conservation alongside campaigns on energy-saving diagnosis, on increasing the energy efficiency of general equipment, and on promoting energy conservation and establishing standards for green development.

　　strengthened demand-side management by setting up demonstrative enterprises/industrial parks and selecting reference products/technologies in the demand-side management of electricity in industrial fields, which would have achieved the visualized, automated, and intelligent management of electricity consumption.

　　推动自然资源节约集约利用。为推进生态文明建设，中国把坚持节约资源和保护环境作为一项基本国策。大力节约集约利用资源，推动资源利用方式根本转变，深化增量安排与消化存量挂钩机制，改革土地计划管理方式，倒逼各省(区、市)下大力气盘活存量。严格土地使用标准控制，先后组织开展了公路、工业、光伏、机场等用地标准的制修订工作，严格依据标准审核建设项目土地使用情况。开展节约集约用地考核评价，大力推广节地技术和节地模式。积极推动矿业绿色发展。加大绿色矿山建设力度，全面建立和实施矿产资源开采利用最低指标和“领跑者”指标管理制度，发布360项矿产资源节约和综合利用先进适用技术。加强海洋资源用途管制，除国家重大项目外，全面禁止围填海。积极推进围填海历史遗留问题区域生态保护修复，严格保护自然岸线。

　　Pushing for the economical and intensive use of natural resources. To further ecological progress, China has designated conserving resources and protecting the environment as a fundamental national policy. To achieve the economical and intensive use of natural resources, it has:

　　pursued fundamental changes in the way of using resources and pressured all PARMs to put their existing resources to good use by improving the mechanism for coordinating the consumption of existing resources and the arrangements for additional resources, and by reforming the way of managing land use plans.

　　imposed strict controls on land use through standards, having organized the formulation and revision of land use standards for highways, industries, photovoltaic (PV) projects, and airports and strictly reviewed the land use of construction projects in accordance with the standards.

　　carried out assessment and evaluation on economical and intensive land use and worked hard to popularize land-saving technologies and models.

　　driven the green development of the mining industry and intensified efforts to develop eco-friendly mines by establishing and implementing index management systems for the minimum exploitation and use of mineral resources and for the evaluation of “Frontrunners”. It has released 360 advanced and applicable technologies for the conservation and comprehensive use of mineral resources.

　　strengthened regulation and control over the use of marine resources and prohibited all coastal reclamation activities except those for major national projects.

　　promoted the protection and restoration of ecosystems in areas with problems carried over from reclamation activities of the past and strictly protected natural shorelines.

　　积极探索低碳发展新模式。中国积极探索低碳发展模式，鼓励地方、行业、企业因地制宜探索低碳发展路径，在能源、工业、建筑、交通等领域开展绿色低碳相关试点示范，初步形成了全方位、多层次的低碳试点体系。中国先后在10个省(市)和77个城市开展低碳试点工作，在组织领导、配套政策、市场机制、统计体系、评价考核、协同示范和合作交流等方面探索低碳发展模式和制度创新。试点地区碳排放强度下降幅度总体快于全国平均水平，形成了一批各具特色的低碳发展模式。

　　Actively exploring new, low-carbon models of development. China has actively explored low-carbon models of development. It has encouraged local governments, industries, and enterprises to explore low-carbon paths to development based on their individual conditions, and launched pilots and demonstrations on green and low-carbon development in fields such as energy, industry, construction, and transport, thus shaping a basic comprehensive and multi-tiered system for low-carbon piloting. It has launched low-carbon pilots in 10 provincial-level units and 77 cities, and explored low-carbon models of development and institutional innovations in respects including organizational leadership, support policies, market mechanisms, statistical systems, evaluation and assessment, coordination and demonstration, and cooperation and exchanges. The carbon intensity of these pilot areas has fallen faster than the national average, and a number of low-carbon models of development with distinctive features have emerged.

　　(三)加大温室气体排放控制力度

　　3. Tightening Control over Greenhouse Gas Emissions

　　中国将应对气候变化全面融入国家经济社会发展的总战略，采取积极措施，有效控制重点工业行业温室气体排放，推动城乡建设和建筑领域绿色低碳发展，构建绿色低碳交通体系，推动非二氧化碳温室气体减排，统筹推进山水林田湖草沙系统治理，严格落实相关举措，持续提升生态碳汇能力。

　　China has incorporated climate action into every aspect of its overall strategy for economic and social development. It has taken active steps to control greenhouse gas emissions in key industries, and promote green and low-carbon development in urban and rural construction and the building sector. It has worked to develop a green and low-carbon transport system and reduce non-carbon dioxide emissions. It has taken a coordinated approach to the governance of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands and deserts, and strictly implemented relevant measures to enhance its biological carbon sink capacity.

　　有效控制重点工业行业温室气体排放。强化钢铁、建材、化工、有色金属等重点行业能源消费及碳排放目标管理，实施低碳标杆引领计划，推动重点行业企业开展碳排放对标活动，推行绿色制造，推进工业绿色化改造。加强工业过程温室气体排放控制，通过原料替代、改善生产工艺、改进设备使用等措施积极控制工业过程温室气体排放。加强再生资源回收利用，提高资源利用效率，减少资源全生命周期二氧化碳排放。

　　Controlling greenhouse gas emissions in key industries. China has:

　　strengthened the management of targets for energy consumption and carbon emissions in key industries, including the iron & steel, building material, chemical, and non-ferrous metal sectors.

　　carried out low-carbon demonstration projects and benchmarking campaigns to reduce carbon emissions in those industries.

　　advanced green manufacturing and the transformation of industries towards green development.

　　tightened control over greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes through substituting raw materials, improving production techniques, and updating equipment utilization.

　　increased the recycling and utilization of renewable resources for higher resource utilization efficiency and lower carbon dioxide emissions in the whole life cycle of resources.

　　推动城乡建设领域绿色低碳发展。建设节能低碳城市和相关基础设施，以绿色发展引领乡村振兴。推广绿色建筑，逐步完善绿色建筑评价标准体系。开展超低能耗、近零能耗建筑示范。推动既有居住建筑节能改造，提升公共建筑能效水平，加强可再生能源建筑应用。大力开展绿色低碳宜居村镇建设，结合农村危房改造开展建筑节能示范，引导农户建设节能农房，加快推进中国北方地区冬季清洁取暖。

　　Promoting green and low-carbon development in urban and rural construction. China is building energy-saving and low-carbon cities and infrastructure and boosting rural revitalization through green development. It has:

　　encouraged the construction of eco-friendly buildings and improved relevant assessment standard systems.

　　carried out demonstration programs for cities with ultra-low and nearly zero energy consumption.

　　promoted energy-saving renovation of existing buildings and improved the energy efficiency of public buildings.

　　facilitated the application of renewable energy in the building sector.

　　taken measures to build green and low-carbon villages and towns, encouraging farmers to build energy-saving houses through energy efficiency demonstration projects during the process of renovating dilapidated rural housing, and accelerating the use of clean energy for winter heating in northern China.

　　构建绿色低碳交通体系。调整运输结构，减少大宗货物公路运输量，增加铁路和水路运输量。以“绿色货运配送示范城市”建设为契机，加快建立“集约、高效、绿色、智能”的城市货运配送服务体系。提升铁路电气化水平，推广天然气车船，完善充换电和加氢基础设施，加大新能源汽车推广应用力度，鼓励靠港船舶和民航飞机停靠期间使用岸电。完善绿色交通制度和标准，发布相关标准体系、行动计划和方案，在节能减碳等方面发布了221项标准，积极推动绿色出行，已有100多个城市开展了绿色出行创建行动，每年在全国组织开展绿色出行宣传月和公交出行宣传周活动。加快交通燃料替代和优化，推动交通排放标准与油品标准升级，通过信息化手段提升交通运输效率。

　　Developing a green and low-carbon transportation system. China has taken the following measures:

　　adjusted the mix of transport by increasing the proportion of rail and water transport for bulk goods and decreasing that of highway transport.

　　launched a project to build “model cities of green freight distribution”, as part of the efforts to accelerate the establishment of an intensive, efficient, green, and smart urban freight distribution system.

　　expanded the electrification of railways and promoted the use of natural gas vehicles and vessels, with improved electric charging and hydrogen fueling infrastructure to facilitate the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) and encourage anchored ships and parked civil aircraft to use shore power.

　　improved institutions and standards for green transportation by launching relevant standards, action plans and solutions. It has published 221 standards on energy-saving and carbon reduction.

　　encouraged green travel, with more than 100 cities joining the campaign to advocate green travel, and annual nation-wide publicity month for green travel and publicity week for public transit.

　　accelerated the substitution and optimization of transport fuels and upgraded the standards on transport emissions and oil products.

　　improved transport efficiency through the application of information technology.

　　推动非二氧化碳温室气体减排。中国历来重视非二氧化碳温室气体排放，在《国家应对气候变化规划(2014-2020年)》及控制温室气体排放工作方案中都明确了控制非二氧化碳温室气体排放的具体政策措施。自2014年起对三氟甲烷(HFC-23)的处置给予财政补贴。截至2019年，共支付补贴约14.17亿元，累计削减6.53万吨HFC-23，相当于减排9.66亿吨二氧化碳当量。严格落实《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》和《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》，加大环保制冷剂的研发，积极推动制冷剂再利用和无害化处理。引导企业加快转换为采用低全球增温潜势(GWP)制冷剂的空调生产线，加速淘汰氢氯氟碳化物(HCFCs)制冷剂，限控氢氟碳化物(HFCs)的使用。成立“中国油气企业甲烷控排联盟”，推进全产业链甲烷控排行动。中国接受《〈关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书〉基加利修正案》，保护臭氧层和应对气候变化进入新阶段。