政府报告白皮书：《发展权：中国的理念、实践与贡献》

　　Policy support bolsters environment-friendly development. The state has made active efforts to protect the sustainable development of ecologically fragile areas through integrated planning, targeted treatment, and the ecological compensation mechanism, creating a virtuous cycle for regional eco-environments. Ecological areas of medium fragility make up 55 percent of China’s land area, with two thirds concentrated in the western regions. In 2005, the State Council prescribed restrictive development in ecologically fragile areas. The “Outline for the Conservation of Ecologically Fragile Areas in China (2009-2020)” was promulgated in 2008. By 2015, environmental impact assessment had been implemented in all ecologically fragile areas, a 30 percent increase of targeted areas had been brought under the strategy, and models of the ecological industry have been promoted in ecologically fragile areas.

　　——履行国际公约推进全球绿色发展。中国率先制定实施应对气候变化国家方案，先后向国际社会承诺2020年应对气候变化目标任务和2030年国家自主贡献，多年来积极采取强有力的政策行动，探索低碳发展道路。颁布实施《中国淘汰消耗臭氧层物质国家方案》。超额完成《蒙特利尔议定书》规定的含氢氟烃(HCFCs)第一阶段淘汰任务，累计淘汰的消耗臭氧层物质约占发展中国家的50%。在《斯德哥尔摩公约》26种受控持久性有机污染物中已全面淘汰了17种的生产、使用和进出口，三个行业二噁英排放强度降低超过15%。成立“中国生物多样性保护国家委员会”，发布实施《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030年)》。签署并批准《关于汞的水俣公约》。积极建设性参加气候变化国际谈判，认真履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》，积极推动《巴黎协定》的达成和生效，使《巴黎协定》成为历史上批约生效最快的国际条约之一，为全世界可持续发展作出了新贡献。

　　Commitments to international conventions propel environmentally-friendly development. China was among the first countries to formulate and implement a national climate change plan, and pledged to achieve its 2020 goals laid out in the “National Plan on Climate Change (2014-2020)” and 2030 goals set out in the “Enhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions” released in 2015. Over the years, China has taken effective policy actions to honor its commitments. Moving along the path toward low-carbon development, China enacted the “National Plan for Reducing Ozone-depleting Substances” and achieved ahead of schedule its first-stage hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) phase-out goal as part of its commitment to the “Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.” China’s reduction of ozone-depleting substances accounts for approximately half of the total reduction by developing countries. China has eliminated the production, use, and import and export of 17 of the 26 types of persistent organic pollutants listed in the “Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants,” and reduced the dioxin emissions of three industries that are major emitters of dioxins by more than 15 percent. Furthermore, the state has established the National Committee for Biodiversity Conservation, enacted the “China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030)” and signed the Minamata Convention on Mercury. China is an active and constructive participant in international talks on climate change, and makes robust efforts to bolster the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. China has made significant efforts in moving the Paris Agreement on greenhouse gas emissions mitigation toward adoption and taking effect, making it one of the fastest major international agreements ever to enter into force and further contributing to the world’s sustainable development.

　　八、推动实现共同发展

　　VIII. Promoting Common Development

　　中国坚持相互尊重、平等相待、合作共赢、共同发展的原则，把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，支持和帮助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家减少贫困、改善民生、改善发展环境，推动建设人类命运共同体。

　　China upholds the principles of mutual respect, equality of treatment, win-win cooperation, and common development, and promotes the interests of its own people and the common interests of other peoples. China supports the developing countries, especially the least developed countries (LDCs), in reducing poverty, improving people’s wellbeing and the development environment, in order to build a human community of shared future.

　　——捍卫发展权利。作为联合国的创始会员国，中国参与起草并签署《联合国宪章》，推动通过《世界人权宣言》，秉持《经济社会文化权利国际公约》《公民及政治权利国际公约》精神，支持联合国通过《关于人权新概念的决议案》和《关于发展权的决议》。中国参加了联合国人权委员会起草《发展权利宣言》的政府专家组的历届会议，为在1986年正式通过《发展权利宣言》作出重要贡献。中国一直是人权委员会关于发展权问题决议的共同提案国，积极支持人权委员会关于实现发展权问题的全球磋商，支持将发展权问题作为一个单独的议题在人权委员会加以审议。自2006年联合国人权理事会成立以来，中国四度当选人权理事会成员，为发展权主流化贡献了中国智慧和力量。

　　Defending the right to development. As an original member state of the United Nations, China participated in drafting the Charter of the United Nations and signed it, facilitated the publication of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” upheld the principles prescribed in the “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” and the “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,” and facilitated the passing of the resolution on the new concepts of human rights and the resolution on the right to development. China participated in all the previous meetings of the Group of Governmental Experts of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) for drafting the “Declaration on the Right to Development,” and made an important contribution to the formal adoption of the Declaration in 1986. China has always been a co-sponsor of UNCHR resolutions on the right to development, supporting the UNCHR’s global debate on realizing the right to development, and consenting to the deliberation of the right to development by the UNCHR as a separate issue. Since the UNHRC was established in 2006, China has been elected as a member four times, and has contributed its wisdom and strength to making the right to development a mainstream issue.

　　——参与发展议程。中国率先响应可持续发展战略，坚定支持并全力落实《联合国千年宣言》，已经实现或基本实现了13项千年发展目标指标，在有效提升中国人民发展权保障水平的同时，推动了全球共同发展。中国积极促进国际社会达成并实施2030年可持续发展议程，发布了《落实2030年可持续发展议程中方立场文件》和《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程国别方案》，在二十国集团领导人杭州峰会上共同制定《二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划》《二十国集团支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化倡议》等，为加快各国尤其是发展中国家的整体发展进程注入了强劲动力。2015年9月，中国与联合国妇女署共同举办全球妇女峰会，落实2030年可持续发展议程相关目标。

　　Participating in the formulation of the development agenda. China was the first to voice support for the sustainable development strategy. It has supported and implemented the “United Nations Millennium Declaration,” and achieved 13 of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. While effectively improving the protection of its own people’s right to development, China has also promoted the common development of the world. It has helped the international community to pass and implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and issued “China’s Position Paper on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and “China’s National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” At the G20 Hangzhou Summit, China joined other countries in formulating the “G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and the “G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries,” adding impetus to the overall development of all countries and developing countries in particular. In September 2015 China and UN Women co-organized the Global Summit of Women, and implemented the goals related to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

　　——拓宽发展之路。多年来，中国在尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路的基础上，不断拓宽发展思路、发展理念，坚持与各国一道走公平、开放、全面、创新的发展之路。中国积极为各国特别是发展中国家争取公平的发展，使各国都成为全球发展的参与者、贡献者，公平分享发展权益，推动在同一目标下不同发展程度的国家承担共同但有区别的责任，提升发展中国家在全球治理体系中规则制定权和话语权。中国坚持开放的发展，与各国共同维护多边贸易体制，使生产要素在全球自由流动，让发展成果惠及各方，为各国人民共享。中国追求全面的发展，实现经济、社会、环境协调发展，实现人与社会、人与自然和谐相处。中国推动创新的发展，以发展的方式解决发展中的难题，培育新的核心竞争力，高度重视发挥联合国领导作用，积极加快区域组织一体化进程，通过整合力量、优势互补提升发展竞争力，让发展潜力充分释放。

　　Expanding the path to development. Over the years, based on the principle that all countries are entitled to choose their own social systems and development paths, China has expanded its development mindset and philosophy, and joined other countries in seeking equitable, open, all-round and innovation-driven development. China strives for equitable development for all countries and for developing countries in particular, so that all countries can become participants in and contributors to global development and equitably share the interests of development. China calls on all countries, which share the same development goals yet are at different development levels, to take on common but differentiated responsibilities. China has advocated the developing countries’ right to a greater voice in formulating the rules of the global governance system. China keeps the open-door policy while pursuing development. It joins other countries in upholding the multilateral trade regime and promotes the free flow of production factors around the world so that the achievements of development will benefit all parties and people in all countries. China pursues all-round development, to achieve balanced development between economy, society and environment, and to realize harmony between humanity and society, and between humanity and nature. China promotes innovation-driven development, addresses problems arising in development by means of development, and fosters new core competitiveness. China places great value on the leadership of the United Nations, encourages regional economic integration, and improves its competitive development by integrating the strengths and advantages of various parties, so as to fully release its development potential.

　　——深化发展合作。中国一直秉持义利相兼、以义为先的原则，致力于增强各国发展能力、改善国际发展环境、优化发展伙伴关系、健全发展协调机制，积极推动国际发展合作，推动各国人民发展权的普遍实现。中国积极推动普惠包容发展，参与全球经济治理，坚持南北合作主渠道地位，深化南南合作和三方合作，加强区域经济合作及与新兴经济体的合作，探索更多更有效的合作共赢方式。中国政府发挥上海合作组织、中国—东盟(10+1)、东盟与中日韩(10+3)、东亚峰会、中日韩合作、亚太经合组织、亚欧会议、亚洲合作对话、亚信、中阿合作论坛、中国—海合会战略对话、大湄公河次区域经济合作、中亚区域经济合作等现有双多边机制与区域合作平台，让更多国家和地区参与“一带一路”建设，推动各国共同发展。中国出资成立丝路基金，发起建立亚洲基础设施投资银行，推动成立澜沧江—湄公河合作机制，为“一带一路”沿线国家基础设施、资源开发、产业合作和金融合作等与互联互通有关的项目提供投融资支持。

　　Furthering cooperation for development. China adheres to the principle of maintaining integrity and pursuing interests while giving priority to integrity, strives to improve the development capacity of all countries and the international development environment, partnership and coordination mechanisms for international development cooperation to realize the rights of all people to development. China propels inclusive and mutually-beneficial development, while participating in global economic governance. Regarding North-South economic cooperation as the main focus, China continues to expand South-South, tripartite, regional economic cooperation, and cooperation with emerging economies and, at the same time, explore more effective means of win-win cooperation. To realize common development the Chinese government endeavors to involve more countries and regions in the Belt and Road Initiative, relying on existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, ASEAN Plus China (10+1) Summit, ASEAN Plus China, Japan and the ROK (10+3) Summit, East Asia Summit, China-Japan-ROK Cooperation, APEC, Asia-Europe Meeting, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, China-Gulf Cooperation Council Strategic Dialogue, Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program, and Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation. China has established the Silk Road Fund, initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and set up the Lancang-Mekong River cooperation mechanism, in order to provide financing support for the Belt and Road countries to coordinate programs on infrastructure, resource development, and industrial and financial cooperation.

　　——加大发展援助。60多年来，中国共向166个国家和国际组织提供了近4000亿元人民币援助，为发展中国家培训各类人员1200多万人次，派遣60多万援助人员，其中700多人为他国发展献出了宝贵生命。2008年以来，中国连续多年成为最不发达国家第一大出口市场，吸收最不发达国家约23%的产品出口。为进一步推进发展中国家经济增长和民生改善，促进共同发展，中国将设立“南南合作援助基金”，继续增加对最不发达国家投资，免除符合条件国家的特定债务，设立国际发展知识中心，继续推进“一带一路”建设。未来5年，中国将向发展中国家提供“6个100”项目支持，包括100个减贫项目，100个农业合作项目，100个促贸援助项目，100个生态保护和应对气候变化项目，100所医院和诊所，100所学校和职业培训中心;向发展中国家提供12万个来华培训和15万个奖学金名额，为发展中国家培养50万名职业技术人员;设立南南合作与发展学院，向世界卫生组织提供200万美元的现汇援助。