政府报告白皮书：《发展权：中国的理念、实践与贡献》

　　The protection of the right to development must be sustainable. Sustainable development is a prerequisite for materializing the right to development, an embodiment of intergenerational equity. Imbalanced, uncoordinated and unequal development reflects unsustainable development, as does an extensive development model. China is pursuing a sustainable approach to production, utilization and consumption of natural resources. China now follows a sustainable and resilient socio-economic development path so as to meet the needs of both present and future generations. China has a development mindset of balance and sustainability, regarding the harmonious development between humanity and nature, between economy and society, as a new means of realizing and protecting the right to development.

　　——发展权应为各国人民共有共享。实现发展权既是各国的责任，也是国际社会的共同义务。发展权的实现既需要各国政府根据各自国情制定符合本国实际的发展战略和发展政策，也需要国际社会的共同努力。中国倡导各国坚持公平、开放、全面、创新的共同发展理念，着力促进包容性发展，为各国人民共享发展权创造条件。全球经济治理应该以平等为基础，更好反映世界经济格局新现实，增强新兴市场和发展中国家代表性和发言权，确保各国在国际经济合作中权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，实现发展权共享、共赢。

　　The right to development must be enjoyed and shared by all peoples. Realizing the right to development is the responsibility of all countries and also the obligation of the international community. It requires governments of all countries to formulate development strategies and policies suited to their own realities, and it requires concerted efforts of the international community as a whole. China calls on all countries to pursue equal, open, all-round and innovative common development, promotes inclusive development, and creates conditions for all peoples to share the right to development. Global economic governance must be based on equality. It must better reflect the new world economic pattern, give an enhanced voice and representation to emerging markets and developing countries, ensure that all countries enjoy equality of rights, opportunities and rules in international economic cooperation, and ensure the right to development is shared.

　　二、日臻完备的发展权保障制度

　　II. The System Ensuring the People’s Right to Development

　　中国建立并完善保障发展权的立法、战略、规划、计划、司法救济一体化制度体系架构，以富有建设性、务实性、高效性和强制性的体制制度、战略构建与政策措施，保障人民发展权的实现。

　　China has established an integrated system of legislature, strategy development, planning, and judicial remedy to ensure its people’s right to development, and makes continued efforts to improve it. The people’s right to development is realized through a framework of institutions, strategies, policies and measures that are constructive, practical, efficient, and compulsory.

　　——宪法和法律制度

　　The Constitution and Laws

　　中国建立了以宪法为核心，以宪法相关法、民法商法等多个法律部门的法律为主干，由法律、行政法规和地方性法规等多个层次的法律规范构成的中国特色社会主义法律体系，为实现人民的发展权提供了法律保障。

　　China has established a legal system with Chinese characteristics. With the Constitution at the core, it is based on laws related to the Constitution, the civil laws, the commercial laws, and other major branches of the laws, and consists of laws, administrative regulations, and local regulations, providing a legal basis for the people’s right to development.

　　宪法以国家根本法的形式全方位确立和保障发展权。宪法序言确立了保障平等发展的根本指导原则，明确国家的根本任务是“推动物质文明、政治文明和精神文明协调发展，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家”。宪法确立了人民民主、平等发展原则，宣告“中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民”，“人民依照法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务”，规定“维护和发展各民族的平等、团结、互助关系”。宪法确立了“国家尊重和保障人权”基本原则，并在关于公民基本权利和义务的条款中明确了公民在经济、政治、文化、社会诸方面全面发展的权利。

　　As the nation’s fundamental law, the Constitution establishes and protects the people’s right to development in all respects. In the Preamble, equal development is set as the fundamental guiding principle, and the nation’s core task is to “promote the coordinated development of the material, political and spiritual civilizations, and to turn China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced.” The Constitution establishes such principles as the people’s democracy, equal development, and stipulates that “All power in the People’s Republic of China belongs to the people”; “The people administer state affairs and manage economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the provisions of law”; “The state develops a relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of China’s nationalities.” Article 33 of the Constitution sets the fundamental principle that “The state respects and preserves human rights.” In Chapter II, the Constitution stipulates the Chinese citizens’ right to economic, political, cultural, and social development.

　　中国制定并实施了一系列专门性的权利保障法律法规，平等保障全体公民，特别是少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人等的发展权利。民族区域自治法规定“加速民族自治地方经济、文化的发展，建设团结、繁荣的民族自治地方，为各民族的共同繁荣，把祖国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家而努力奋斗”。妇女权益保障法规定“妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子平等的权利。实行男女平等是国家的基本国策。国家采取必要措施，逐步完善保障妇女权益的各项制度，消除对妇女一切形式的歧视”。未成年人保护法规定“未成年人享有生存权、发展权、受保护权、参与权等权利”。老年人权益保障法规定“国家保障老年人依法享有的权益。老年人有从国家和社会获得物质帮助的权利，有享受社会服务和社会优待的权利，有参与社会发展和共享发展成果的权利”。残疾人保障法规定“残疾人在政治、经济、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有同其他公民平等的权利”。

　　China has promulgated and implemented a series of laws and regulations to protect the right to development of all citizens, especially that of the ethnic minorities, women, children, senior citizens, and the disabled. The Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy stipulates that people of all ethnic minority groups shall “speed up the economic and cultural development of the ethnic autonomous areas, work towards their unity and prosperity, and strive for the common prosperity of all ethnic groups and for the transformation of China into a socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.” The Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests stipulates that “Women shall enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life. It is a basic state policy to realize equality between men and women. The state shall take necessary measures to gradually improve various systems for the protection of the rights and interests of women and to eliminate all kinds of discrimination against women.” The Law on the Protection of Minors stipulates that “Minors shall enjoy the right to life, the right to development, the right to being protected, and the right to participation.” The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly stipulates that “The state shall protect the lawful rights and interests of the elderly. The elderly shall have the right to obtain material assistance from the state and society, the right to enjoy social services and social preferential treatment, and the right to participate in social development and share the achievements in development.” The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons stipulates that “Disabled persons shall enjoy equal rights with other citizens in political, economic, cultural, social, family life and other aspects.”

　　——国家发展战略

　　National Development Strategies

　　世界是丰富多彩的，发展模式也是多种多样的。中国总结长期历史经验，坚持从基本国情出发，走中国特色社会主义道路，建设中国特色社会主义，引领中国发展进步，为中国人民创造美好生活，实现人民发展权。

　　The world is a colorful place, with many different development patterns. Summarizing its historical experience and based on its prevailing conditions, China has chosen a socialist path. It strives to build socialism with Chinese characteristics, create a beautiful life for the Chinese people, and realize the people’s right to development.

　　按照建设中国特色社会主义的要求，中国的国家发展战略以不断保障和实现人民的发展权为基本价值取向。中国共产党在20世纪80年代初提出了现代化建设“三步走”发展战略目标：第一步，1981年到1990年，国民生产总值翻一番，解决人民的温饱问题;第二步，1991年到20世纪末，国民生产总值再翻一番，人民生活达到小康水平;第三步，到21世纪中叶，国民生产总值再翻两番，人民生活比较富裕，达到中等发达国家水平。

　　To build socialism with Chinese characteristics, China sets its national development strategies based on the need to protect and realize its people’s right to development. In the early 1980s, the CPC proposed the “three-step” development strategy: First, to double the 1981 GNP and ensure the provision of basic material needs by 1990; second, to double the 1991 GNP by the end of the 20th century and bring people’s living standards to a level of “reasonable prosperity”; and third, to quadruple that new GNP to the level of moderately developed countries by the mid-21st century, and bring the Chinese people an affluent life.

　　1997年召开的中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会，将上述“三步走”的第三步战略目标具体化，提出了21世纪上半叶中国新“三步走”发展战略：21世纪第一个十年实现国民生产总值比2000年翻一番，使人民的小康生活更加富裕，形成比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制;再经过十年的努力，到中国共产党成立100年时，使国民经济更加发展，各项制度更加完善;到21世纪中叶中华人民共和国成立100年时，基本实现现代化，建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家。

　　At the 15th CPC National Congress in 1997, the third step was made more specific, and a new “three-step” strategy for the first half of the 21st century was put forward. First, in the first decade of the 21st century, to double GNP compared to the 2000 level, raise levels of prosperity, and form a relatively complete socialist market economy; second, with ten more years’ hard work, to further develop the economy and improve various institutions by the centenary of the founding of the CPC; and third, to achieve basic modernization and complete the building of a socialist country that is prosperous, democratic, and culturally advanced by the centenary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the mid-21st century.

　　进入21世纪后，中国共产党提出了“全面建设小康社会”的战略构想。2012年中共十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，明确将“人民对美好生活的向往”作为执政目标，进一步提出了实现“两个一百年”的奋斗目标：到2020年在中国共产党成立100年时实现第一个百年奋斗目标，中国人民将在全面解决温饱的基础上，普遍过上比较殷实富足的生活，全面建成小康社会;到21世纪中叶中华人民共和国成立100年时实现第二个百年奋斗目标，中国人均国内生产总值将达到中等发达国家水平，建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。