政府报告白皮书：《发展权：中国的理念、实践与贡献》

　　Increasing development aid. Over the past 60 years China has provided approximately RMB400 billion in aid to 166 countries and international organizations. It has trained more than 12 million personnel from developing countries, and dispatched over 600,000 people to aid development in other countries. Seven hundred people have given their lives in the course of these programs. Since 2008, China has been the largest export market of the LDCs, and absorbed about 23 percent of their exports. To improve economic growth and standards of living in the developing countries, China will set up a South-South Cooperation Fund, increase its investment in the LDCs, write off certain countries’ debts, establish an International Development Knowledge Center and further the Belt and Road Initiative. In the coming five years China will implement six “One Hundred Programs” targeting developing countries – 100 poverty reduction programs, 100 agricultural cooperation programs, 100 trade aid programs, 100 eco-protection and climate change programs, 100 hospitals and clinics, and 100 schools and vocational training centers. One hundred and twenty thousand training opportunities and 150,000 scholarships will be made available to developing countries in China, and 500,000 vocational technical personnel will be trained. China will set up a South-South Cooperation and Development Academy, and give the World Health Organization US$2 million in cash aid.

　　——提供特别待遇。中国作为发展中国家，主要是“特殊和差别待遇”衍生出的一系列贸易权利主张者而非义务承担者。但近年来中国逐渐承担起面向其他发展中国家的“特殊和差别待遇”义务，重点保护最不发达国家人民的发展权。2002年，中国与东南亚国家联盟签订了《全面经济合作框架协议》，对柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸和越南等东盟新成员国给予特殊和差别待遇及灵活性。2006年，中国加入《亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案》。中国海关总署先后颁布3个文件，将享受“特别优惠关税”政策的国家从非洲扩大到40个联合国认定的最不发达国家。

　　Providing special treatment. China, as a developing country, is an advocate for a number of trade rights based on the principle of “Special and differential treatment,” but not be obliged to provide the same treatment. However, in recent years, China has begun to provide “Special and differential treatment” to other developing countries, focusing on protecting the right to development of the LDCs. In 2002, China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed the Framework Agreement on China-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation, offering special and differential treatment with flexibility to new ASEAN member states such as Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Viet Nam. In 2006, China joined the Amendment to the First Agreement on Trade Negotiations Among Developing Member Countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. China’s General Administration of Customs has issued three documents which have extended the range of countries enjoying its special preferential tariff from African countries to 40 LDCs recognized by the United Nations.

　　——改善发展环境。中国一直致力于与各国共同维护国际和平，坚决反对一切形式的恐怖主义，支持国际和地区反恐合作，为发展权营造和平和谐的环境，以和平促进发展，以发展巩固和平。近年来，中国努力为解决地区热点问题提供方案，深度参与伊朗核问题谈判，积极斡旋南苏丹国内和解，提出政治解决叙利亚问题“四步走”框架思路，促成阿富汗政府与塔利班开启和谈，为恢复朝鲜半岛核问题六方会谈逐步积累共识。迄今为止，中国共派出军事人员、警察和民事官员3.3万余人次参与联合国维和行动，目前共有2600余名维和人员在10个联合国任务区执行维和任务，是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。为支持改进和加强维和行动，中国将加入新的联合国维和能力待命机制，率先组建常备成建制维和警队，建设维和待命部队，今后5年为各国培训2000名维和人员，开展10个扫雷援助项目，向非盟提供总额为1亿美元的无偿军事援助，中国—联合国和平与发展基金的部分资金也将用于支持联合国维和行动。

　　Improving the development environment. China joins other countries in safeguarding international peace, opposes all forms of terrorism, and supports international and regional cooperation in fighting terrorism, in order to create an environment of peace and harmony that promotes development and thereby consolidates peace. In recent years, China has offered solutions to regional flashpoints: involving itself in the Iran nuclear talks; mediating for national reconciliation in South Sudan; proposing a four-step framework for political settlement of the Syrian issue; facilitating the peace talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban; promoting consensus on resuming the six-party talks on the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula. To date, China has sent 33,000 military, police and civilian personnel to join UN peacekeeping missions. Currently there are 2,600-plus Chinese peacekeeping personnel involved in 10 UN peacekeeping operations, making China the most active permanent member of the UN Security Council in terms of supplying peacekeeping personnel. In order to support and improve peacekeeping operations, China will join the new UN peacekeeping standby mechanism, take the lead in establishing regular peacekeeping police force units, and organize peacekeeping standby forces. In the coming five years, China will train 2,000 peacekeeping personnel for other countries, launch 10 demining aid programs, provide US$100 million of non-reimbursable military aid to the African Union, and allocate part of the China-UN Peace and Development Fund to support UN peacekeeping operations.

　　结束语

　　Conclusion

　　中国人民为争取发展，实现发展权，付出了艰辛努力并取得了巨大成就，创造了人类发展史上新的奇迹。中国为促进各国共同发展，建设人类命运共同体，作出了不懈努力并发挥了重大作用。中国永远是人类发展权利的捍卫者，永远是世界发展进步的推动力量。

　　In the pursuit of development and their right to development, the Chinese people have made strenuous efforts and significant achievements. To promote common development and to build a community with shared future, China has made unremitting efforts and played an important role. It will always be a defender of humanity’s right to development, and a force to propel development and progress throughout the world.

　　人权没有最好，只有更好。人类实现更加充分的发展权，永远在路上。作为当今世界上最大的发展中国家，中国面临的发展任务异常艰巨，发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续等问题还比较突出，实现更高水平的发展，更加充分地保障发展权，还需作出更大努力。不断满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要，使每个人都能得到全面的发展，依然是中国共产党执政兴国的第一要务。

　　There will always be room for improvement in human rights, and the quest to improve people’s right to development is always underway. As the world’s largest developing country China faces daunting challenges, characterized by pressing problems such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development. To achieve a higher level of development and better protect the people’s right to development, China needs to maintain its efforts. Meeting the people’s growing material and cultural needs and giving everyone access to sound development are still the primary tasks of the CPC in its governance of the country.

　　中国人民正在为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力。随着“两个一百年”奋斗目标日益变为现实，中国将实现历史上亘古未有的伟大跨越，中国人民的发展权将得到更加充分的保障。

　　The Chinese people are working hard to achieve the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With the realization of these goals, China will make a historic and unprecedented leap, and the Chinese people’s right to development will be further protected.

　　2015年9月，中国国家主席习近平在联合国发展峰会上发出倡议，呼吁各国以2030年可持续发展议程通过为新起点，共同走出一条公平、开放、全面、创新的发展之路，努力实现各国共同发展。中国将继续与国际社会一道，加强发展合作，促进发展经验互鉴，为进一步提高各国人民发展水平，建设人类命运共同体，作出自己应有的贡献。

　　At the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping called upon all nations to mark a new starting point with the adoption of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and unite to chart a path of development that is fair, open, comprehensive, and innovative. China will continue to work with the international community, strengthen cooperation, promote exchanges of experience, and make its due contribution to further increase the level of development of all peoples of the world and build a community with shared future for mankind.

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